Our team of pathologists have created patient-friendly articles to help you read and understand your pathology report. These articles cover more than 300 of the most common diagnoses and are organized in this section by the area of the body involved.
Start by finding the area of the body involved from the list below
Adrenal gland
Myelolipoma
Pheochromocytoma
Appendix
Acute appendicitis
Low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN)
Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumour (NET)
Bladder, ureters, and urethra
Non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma
Polypoid cystitis
Urothelial carcinoma
Bone and bone marrow
Anemia of chronic disease
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chordoma
Chondrosarcoma
Enchondroma
Ewing sarcoma
Fracture
Giant cell tumour of bone
Hemolytic anemia
Iron-deficiency anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
Osteoblastoma
Osteochondroma
Osteoid osteoma
Osteosarcoma
Plasma cell neoplasm
Plasmacytoma
Thrombotic microangiopathy
Brain
Glioblastoma
Meningioma
Oligodendroglioma
Breast
Columnar cell change (CCC) and columnar cell hyperplasia (CCH)
Complex sclerosing lesion
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
Fibroadenoma
Fibrocystic change
Flat epithelial atypia (FEA)
Granular cell tumour
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Lobular carcinoma
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
Papillary lesion
Phyllodes tumour
Radial scar
Usual ductal hyperplasia
Cervix
Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)
Atypical squamous cells, cannot rule out HSIL (ASC-H)
Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US)
Atypical glandular cells, not otherwise specified (AGS NOS)
Atypical glandular cells, favour neoplastic (AGS)
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
Endocervical polyp
Endocervical adenocarcinoma
High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)
Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)
Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM)
Squamous cell carcinoma
Colon, rectum, and anal canal
Adenocarcinoma
Chronic colitis
Chronic active colitis
Collagenous colitis
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)
High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)
Hyperplastic polyp
Invasive adenocarcinoma
Lymphocytic colitis
Microscopic colitis
Mucinous adenocarcinoma
Neuroendocrine carcinoma
Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma
Sessile serrated adenoma
Sessile serrated lesion
Sessile serrated polyp
Tubular adenoma
Tubulovillous adenoma
Villous adenoma
Well differentiated neuroendocrine tumour
Duodenum
Celiac disease
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)
Peptic duodenitis
Esophagus
Adenocarcinoma
Barrett’s esophagus
Eosinophilic esophagitis
Reflux esophagitis
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous papilloma
Fallopian tubes
Endometriosis
Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC)
Gallbladder
Chronic cholecystitis
Kidney
Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Papillary renal cell carcinoma
Larynx
The larynx includes the vocal cords, aryepiglottic folds, epiglottis, and vestibule.
Keratinizing squamous dysplasia
Granular cell tumour
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous carcinoma in situ (CIS)
Squamous dysplasia
Liver and bile ducts
Autoimmune hepatitis
Bile duct hamartoma
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
Steatosis
Steatohepatitis
von Meyenburg complex
Lung
Acute lung injury
Adenocarcinoma
Atypical carcinoid tumour
COVID-19
NUT carcinoma
Mesothelioma
Pneumonia
Small cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Typical carcinoid tumour
Usual interstitial pneumonia
Lymph nodes
Burkitt lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Follicular lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
Mantle cell lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Plasma cell neoplasm
Plasmacytoma
Small lymphocytic lymphoma
Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses include the nasal septum, turbinates, maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus, and sphenoid sinus
Ameloblastoma
Chronic rhinosinusitis
Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma
Non-intestinal type adenocarcinoma (non-ITAC)
NUT carcinoma
Schneidrian papilloma
Sinonasal inflammatory polyp
Sinonasal papilloma
Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC)
Nasopharynx
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx
NUT carcinoma
Oral cavity
The oral cavity includes the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, floor of mouth, and hard palate.
Keratinizing squamous dysplasia
Granular cell tumour
Lobular capillary hemangioma
Pyogenic granuloma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous carcinoma in situ (CIS)
Squamous dysplasia
Squamous papilloma
Verruca vulgaris
Oropharynx
The oropharynx includes the tonsils, soft palate, and base of tongue.
Non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous papilloma
Ovary
Atrophy
Benign Brenner tumour
Clear cell carcinoma
Corpus luteum cyst
Cortical inclusion cyst
Cystic follicle
Endometrioid carcinoma
Endometrioid borderline tumour
Endometriosis
Follicle cyst
Immature teratoma
Mature cystic teratoma
Mucinous borderline tumour
Mucinous carcinoma
Mucinous cystadenoma
Mucinous cystadenofibroma
Periovarian adhesions
Serous borderline tumour
High grade serous carcinoma
Low grade serous carcinoma
Serous cystadenoma
Parathyroid gland
Enlarged and hypercellular parathyroid gland
Parathyroid adenoma
Pancreas
Ductal adenocarcinoma
Mucinous cystic neoplasm
Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumour
Pleura
Mesothelioma
Prostate
Adenocarcinoma
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)
Salivary glands
The salivary glands include the parotid, submandibular, sublingual, and minor salivary glands
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Oncocytoma
Pleomorphic adenoma
Salivary duct carcinoma
Warthin tumour
Skin
Actinic keratosis
Basal cell carcinoma
Bullous pemphigoid
Compound nevus
Congenital nevus
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)
Dermal nevus
Dermatofibroma
Dysplastic nevus
Epidermoid cyst
Granular cell tumour
Hemangioma
Junctional nevus
Keloid scar
Lentigo maligna
Invasive melanoma
Melanoma in situ
Merkel cell carcinoma
Plasmacytoma
Pilar cyst
Seborrheic keratosis
Sebaceous carcinoma
Spongiotic dermatitis
Spitz nevus
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous carcinoma in situ
Trichilemmal cyst
Verruca vulgaris
Xanthelasma
Small bowel
Celiac disease
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)
Peptic duodenitis
Soft tissues
Soft tissue includes muscle, fat, and connective tissue.
Angiolipoma
Angiosarcoma
Atypical lipomatous tumour
Deep fibromatosis
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma
Desmoid tumour
Ewing family of tumours
Fibromatosis
Ganglion cyst
Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath
Granular cell tumour
Intramuscular lipoma
Kaposi sarcoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Neurofibroma
Nodular fasciitis
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST)
Myxoid liposarcoma
Pleomorphic lipoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Schwannoma
Solitary fibrous tumour
Spindle cell lipoma
Superficial fibromatosis
Synovial sarcoma
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
Well-differentiated liposarcoma
Spinal cord
Meningioma
Stomach
Adenocarcinoma
Chemical gastropathy
Chronic gastritis
Chronic inactive gastritis
Erosive gastritis
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)
Hyperplastic polyp
Inflammatory polyp
Reactive gastropathy
Xanthoma
Testis and scrotum
Embryonal carcinoma
Mixed germ-cell tumour
Seminoma
Spermatocele
Yolk-sac tumour
Thyroid gland
Benign follicular nodule
Follicular adenoma
Follicular carcinoma
Follicular neoplasm
Hurthle cell adenoma
Hurthle cell carcinoma
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Nodular follicular disease
Nodular thyroid hyperplasia
Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP)
Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
Suspicious for follicular neoplasm
Uterus and endometrium
Atrophic endometrium
Atypical endometrial hyperplasia
Carcinosarcoma
Clear cell carcinoma
Disordered proliferative endometrium
Endometrioid carcinoma
Endometrial polyp
Endometrial hyperplasia without atypia
Fibroid
Leiomyoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Proliferative endometrium
Secretory endometrium
Serous carcinoma
English
French
German
Spanish
Chinese (Simplified)
Arabic
Dutch
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Persian
Punjabi
Russian
Swedish
Thai
Urdu
