by Jason Wasserman MD PhD FRCPC
November 14, 2024
Condyloma acuminatum, commonly known as genital warts, is a non-cancerous growth on the skin and mucous membranes in areas such as the genital and anal regions. These growths are caused by certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV), primarily types 6 and 11. Condyloma acuminatum can vary in appearance but often forms soft, cauliflower-like clusters that can be small or larger depending on the area and extent of the infection.
Can condyloma acuminatum turn into cancer?
No. Condyloma acuminatum is a non-cancerous condition that will not turn into cancer over time. However, this condition can recur (regrow) in the same location after treatment.
What are the symptoms of condyloma acuminatum?
People with condyloma acuminatum may experience a variety of symptoms, including:
- Small, raised growths or lumps on the skin or mucous membranes of the genital or anal area.
- Cauliflower-like clusters that may vary in size and number.
- Itching or discomfort in the affected area.
- Bleeding from the warts, especially if they are irritated.
Sometimes, the warts may be so small that they go unnoticed. While they are usually painless, their location or appearance can cause discomfort or distress.
What causes condyloma acuminatum?
Condyloma acuminatum is caused by infection with specific strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), most commonly types 6 and 11. HPV is a very common virus that spreads primarily through direct skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact. Not everyone exposed to HPV will develop warts, as the immune response varies between individuals. However, these strains of HPV have a low risk of progressing to cancer.
How is this diagnosis made?
The diagnosis of condyloma acuminatum is usually made through a physical examination by a doctor. A biopsy may be performed in some cases, especially if the growths are unusual or difficult to identify. During a biopsy, a small sample of the wart is removed and examined under a microscope by a pathologist. This examination confirms the presence of characteristic features of condyloma acuminatum and can help rule out other conditions that might resemble these growths.
Microscopic features
When examined under the microscope, condyloma acuminatum typically comprises long finger-like projections of tissue covered by specialized squamous cells. Pathologists often use the term verrucous or papillary to describe these finger-like projections. Abnormal-looking squamous cells called koilocytes, which are squamous cells infected by HPV, may also be seen.
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