Keratosis without dysplasia

by Jason Wasserman MD PhD FRCPC
February 16, 2024

Keratosis without dysplasia in the larynx refers to a condition where the tissue that covers the inside surface of the larynx is abnormally thick without showing signs of dysplasia, which means there are no precancerous changes in the cells. This change is most commonly seen in the vocal cords although other parts of the larynx may also be involved.

What causes keratosis without dysplasia?

The exact cause of keratosis in the larynx can vary, but it is often associated with chronic irritation. Potential irritants include long-term smoking, alcohol consumption, acid reflux, and prolonged exposure to irritating substances or environmental pollutants. These factors can lead to changes in the laryngeal mucosa, including keratosis.

What are the symptoms of keratosis without dysplasia in the larynx?

Symptoms of keratosis in the larynx can include hoarseness, a persistent cough, difficulty swallowing, or a sensation of something being stuck in the throat. However, in some cases, the condition may be asymptomatic, meaning it doesn’t cause any noticeable symptoms. The symptoms often depend on the size, location, and extent of the keratotic changes.

What is the risk that keratosis without dysplasia will turn into cancer over time?

While keratosis without dysplasia is considered a benign (noncancerous) condition, it can over time change into a precancerous condition called keratinizing squamous dysplasia. The risk of progression from keratosis without dysplasia to keratinizing squamous dysplasia depends on various factors, including the individual’s exposure to risk factors (e.g., continued smoking or alcohol use), the presence of other laryngeal conditions, and overall health and immune status.

It’s important for individuals with keratosis of the larynx, even without dysplasia, to be monitored regularly by a doctor. This monitoring helps detect any changes early on and allows for prompt treatment to prevent progression to more severe conditions. Lifestyle modifications, such as quitting smoking and managing acid reflux, may also be recommended to reduce irritation and risk of progression.

Related articles on MyPathologyReport

Keratinizing squamous dysplasia of the larynx

Dysplasia

Squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx

Other helpful resources

Atlas of Pathology