April 5, 2023
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of a large group of viruses called herpesviruses. Another name for EBV is human herpesvirus 4 (HHV4). EBV is found all over the world and infection is common.
How is Epstein-Barr virus spread?
EBV is spread between people through body fluids, typically saliva.
What are the symptoms of Epstein-Barr virus infection?
Some people who become infected with EBV will develop a condition called infectious mononucleosis or “mono”. Symptoms of mononucleosis include fatigue, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, and rash. People with this condition may also develop an enlarged spleen and swollen liver. Most people who become infected with EBV will have only mild symptoms and recover completely.
What types of cancer are associated with Epstein-Barr virus?
Although rare, EBV infection may also lead to the development of certain types of cancer over time. The most common types of cancers caused by EBV are Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and lymphoepithelial carcinoma. It is important to note that very few people who are infected with EBV will develop one of these types of cancer in their lifetime.
What tests are performed to look for Epstein-Barr virus in cells?
Pathologists perform special tests such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) or in situ hybridization (ISH) to look for EBV in tissue samples. This tissue may be removed in a procedure called a biopsy or after a surgical procedure is performed to remove a larger amount of tissue such as an entire tumour. These tests allow pathologists to see chemicals, such as EBER, made by the virus inside cells.
About this article
Doctors wrote this article to help you read and understand your pathology report. Contact us if you have questions about this article or your pathology report. For a complete introduction to your pathology report, read this article.
Other helpful resources
Atlas of pathology
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