A karyotype is a test where the chromosomes, which contain your DNA, are stained with a special dye so that they can be examined under a microscope. Normal cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Abnormalities that can be seen on a karyotype test include a gain or loss of a chromosome, loss of a piece of the chromosome, or an exchange of genetic material between chromosomes. A complex karyotype means that three or more of these abnormalities were found.