Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation describes a specific pattern of long-standing or chronic inflammation that often develops as the body responds to certain conditions, infections, or treatments.
A granuloma is a small, rounded collection of immune cells that forms when the body tries to isolate and eliminate a harmful substance, such as an infection or foreign substance.
The immune cells in a granuloma include:
The word necrotizing refers to dead cells, often seen at the center of a granuloma. This dead tissue results from the immune response and the body’s effort to fight off an infection or harmful substance. When there are no dead cells in the granuloma, it is called a non-necrotizing granuloma.
Necrotizing granulomas are significant because they are often associated with specific infections or conditions. Some common causes include:
Because necrotizing granulomas can indicate an infection or another underlying condition, your pathologist may use special stains to identify potential causes. These include:
Additional tests, such as molecular studies or cultures, may also be performed to confirm the presence of infectious agents or guide further treatment.
If necrotizing granulomatous inflammation is found, your doctor will use this information along with your medical history, physical exam, and other test results to determine the underlying cause. Further tests may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis if an infection or treatment-related reaction is suspected.
In some cases, necrotizing granulomas are not caused by an infection or treatment but are part of an autoimmune or inflammatory condition. Your healthcare team will work with you to identify the cause and create a treatment plan tailored to your needs.
Understanding this term helps you and your healthcare team take the next steps to address the condition causing the inflammation.