Novembra 5, 2023
CDX-2 is a gene that encodes for a protein known as Caudal Type Homeobox 2. It is a member of the caudal-related homeobox transcription factor gene family. This protein is crucial for embryonic development, particularly in forming the small and large intestines. It acts as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in the development and maintenance of intestinal epitelové bunky, playing a significant role in intestinal cell differentiation and proliferation.
CDX-2 is expressed by epithelial cells throughout the small and large intestines which includes the colon and rectum. It is also expressed by tissues that have undergone a noncancerous process called črevná metaplázia where cells change to become more like those in the intestine.
Most noncancerous tumours arising in the small and large intestines will express CDX-2. The most common of these noncancerous tumours are colorectal adenómy or polypy.
Pathologists commonly perform a test called imunohistochémia (IHC) to see CDX-2-expressing cells in a tissue sample. This test provides spatial information about where the protein is expressed within tissue samples making it invaluable for diagnosing and monitoring conditions related to the gastrointestinal tract.
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