Androgen receptor (AR) is a protein found inside specific cells of your body. It binds to hormones known as androgens, including testosterone. These hormones play key roles in the growth and development of male characteristics, but they also have essential functions in both men and women. Why do pathologists test for androgen receptor? Pathologists test …
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Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is a type of blood cancer involving abnormal immune cells called lymphocytes and plasma cells. These cells typically build up in the bone marrow, and occasionally in lymph nodes, the spleen, or other body parts. This abnormal buildup interferes with the body’s ability to produce healthy blood cells. When lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is found …
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Gangrenous cholecystitis is a severe and life-threatening form of gallbladder inflammation. It happens when the gallbladder does not get enough blood flow, causing its tissues to die. When this occurs, the gallbladder can develop infection, rupture, or serious complications, making emergency treatment necessary. What are the symptoms of gangrenous cholecystitis? The symptoms of gangrenous cholecystitis …
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A fibroepithelial polyp is a small, noncancerous growth that develops on the surface of the skin or the lining of certain body parts, such as the urinary tract or genital area. It is made up of fibrous tissue (connective tissue that supports other tissues in the body) and is covered by a thin layer of …
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An aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign (noncancerous) but locally aggressive bone lesion that typically affects children and young adults. Characterized by blood-filled spaces separated by connective tissue, aneurysmal bone cysts can cause significant bone expansion and weakening. They most commonly occur in the long bones of the legs, the vertebrae, and the flat …
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Grade 3 chondrosarcoma, also known as high-grade chondrosarcoma, is a type of cancer made up of cartilage that develops within the medulla (central space) of a bone. It is one of the most common types of primary bone cancer in adults. Why is the grade important? Chondrosarcomas are graded based on their appearance under the …
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Grade 2 chondrosarcoma, also known as intermediate grade chondrosarcoma, is a type of cancer made up of cartilage that develops within the medulla (central space) of a bone. It is one of the most common types of primary bone cancer in adults. Why is the grade important? Chondrosarcomas are graded based on their appearance under …
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Grade 1 chondrosarcoma, also known as low-grade chondrosarcoma, is a type of cancer made up of cartilage that develops within the medulla (central space) of a bone. It is one of the most common types of primary bone cancer in adults. Why is the grade important? Chondrosarcomas are graded based on their appearance under the …
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High grade B cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements is a type of cancer that starts in white blood cells called B cells. These cells are part of the immune system and help protect your body from infections and diseases. “High grade” means that this type of cancer is likely to grow and spread …
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Keratosis without dysplasia in the larynx refers to a condition where the tissue that covers the inside surface of the larynx is abnormally thick without showing signs of dysplasia, which means there are no precancerous changes in the cells. This change is most commonly seen in the vocal cords although other parts of the larynx …
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