I-gastritis engapheli

nguJason Wasserman MD PhD FRCPC
Mashi 7, 2023

Kusho ukuthini i-gastritis engapheli?

I-gastritis engapheli kusho ukuvuvukala yolwelwesi olungaphakathi esiswini. Ukuvuvukala kuvimbela isisu ekusebenzeni ngendlela evamile ngokulimaza amangqamuzana akhethekile e-foveolar amboza indawo engaphakathi yesisu.

Yiziphi izimpawu ze-gastritis engapheli?

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-gastritis engapheli ubuhlungu besisu (ukuqaqamba noma ukuvutha) okuba kubi kakhulu lapho isisu singenalutho, isicanucanu, ukuqunjelwa, nokungathandi ukudla.

Yini ebangela i-gastritis engapheli?

Isizathu esivame kakhulu se-gastritis engapheli ukutheleleka kwesisu nge-bacteria ebizwa ngokuthi Helicobacter pylori. Izazi zezifo zivame ukuchaza lesi simo ngokuthi I-Helicobacter gastritis. Ukutheleleka kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nasezingxenyeni ezisathuthuka zomhlaba. I-gastritis engapheli ingabonakala nakubantu abake belashelwa i-Helicobacter pylori. I-gastritis engapheli ingase iqhubeke izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka ngemva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Ezinye izimbangela ze-gastritis engapheli zihlanganisa:

• Izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) njenge-Aspirin ne-Advil.
• Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile.
• I-bile reflux.
• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo.

Izazi ze-pathologist zikwenza kanjani lokhu kuxilonga?

Ukuxilongwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngemva kokukhishwa kwesampula encane yesicubu ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi a i-biopsy. Izicubu zibe sezihlolwa nge-microscope udokotela ohlola izifo. I-gastritis engapheli isho ukuthi udokotela wakho wezifo ubone inani elikhulayo lamangqamuzana omzimba akhethekile abizwa amaseli e-plasma ngaphakathi kwe-lamina propria. Izazi zezifo zichaza lolu shintsho ngokuthi ukuvuvukala okungapheli. I-pathologist yakho inga-oda ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okufana nalokhu i-immunohistochemistry or amabala akhethekile ukubheka Helicobacter pylori ama-micro-organisms kusampula yezicubu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-gastritis engasebenzi futhi esebenzayo engapheli?

Ama-pathologists ahlukanisa i-gastritis engapheli ibe esebenzayo futhi engasebenzi. I-gastritis esebenzayo isho ukuthi ngaphezu kwalokho ukuvuvukala okungapheli, udokotela wakho wezifo ubone ukulimala noma ukulimala kwezicubu okuqhubekayo. Elinye igama le-gastritis esebenzayo yi-acute gastritis. Ukuze wenze lokhu kuxilonga, udokotela wakho wezifo kufanele abone amaseli omzimba akhethekile abizwa ama-neutrophils ku mucous. Ngokuphambene, i-gastritis engasebenzi isho ukuthi awekho ama-neutrophils abonwa ku-mucosa.

Imibiko eminingi ye-pathology izophinde ihlukanise i-gastritis esebenzayo engapheli ibe ethambile, emaphakathi, noma enzima ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lomonakalo odalwa ama-neutrophils.

• Isebenza kancane: Neutrophils zibonwa ku lamina propria kanti ezinye zingabonakala phakathi amaseli we-epithelial. Izazi zezifo ngezinye izikhathi zisebenzisa igama elithi cryptitis ukuchaza lolu hlobo lomsebenzi.
• Isebenza ngokulingene: Njengomsebenzi omncane, ama-neutrophils abonakala ku-lamina propria. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqembu ama-neutrophils avame ukubonakala ngaphakathi acorns. Izazi zezifo zisebenzisa igama elithi crypt ithumba ukuchaza lolu hlobo lomsebenzi.
• Isebenza kakhulu: Kuleli zinga lomsebenzi i i-epithelium okuvamise ukuvala ingaphakathi lesisu kulahlekile. Ama-pathologists asebenzisa leli gama isilonda noma isilonda ukuchaza lolu shintsho. Isilonda esiswini sisho ukuthi izicubu ezitholakala ngaphansi kwe-epithelium zitholakala endaweni engaphakathi yesisu. Uma singelashwa, isilonda singaholela ekopheni esiswini.

Isizathu esivame kakhulu se-gastritis esebenzayo engapheli ukutheleleka nge Helicobacter pylori. Ama-neutrophils ku-mucosa avikela umzimba kuma-bacterium kodwa futhi alimaza amaseli ku-epithelium. I-gastritis engapheli esebenzayo ebangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-Helicobacter pylori kufanele ilashwe ngama-antibiotics. Uma ingelashwa, ukutheleleka kwe-Helicobacter kungabangela isisu izilonda. Ukutheleleka nge-Helicobacter okungalashwa nakho kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza esiswini.

Isho ukuthini i-metaplasia yamathumbu?

Uma ingelashwa, i-gastritis engapheli ingalimaza amaseli e-foveolar avame ukumboza indawo engaphakathi yesisu. Uma umonakalo uqhubeka iminyaka eminingi, amaseli e-foveolar azothathelwa indawo amaseli akhethekile ngokuvamile atholakala engxenyeni yomzila wokugaya ebizwa ngokuthi ithumbu elincane. Lolu shintsho lubizwa ngokuthi i-metaplasia yamathumbu. Uma udokotela wakho wezifo ebona i-metaplasia yamathumbu kusampula yethishu, izochazwa embikweni wakho. I-metaplasia yamathumbu ingushintsho olungenawo umdlavuza, nokho, iyandisa ingozi yokuba nohlobo lomdlavuza wesisu olubizwa ngokuthi. i-adenocarcinoma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ubungozi buphezulu uma kubizwa olunye uhlobo loshintsho umabhebhana kuyabonakala futhi.

Isho ukuthini i-dysplasia?

I-Dysplasia igama elithi pathologists elisetshenziswa ukuchaza iphethini yokukhula engavamile. Thanda i-metaplasia yamathumbu, i-dysplasia ingakhula ezigulini eziye zaba ne-gastritis engapheli iminyaka eminingi. Iziguli eziningi ezine-gastritis engapheli ngeke zibe ne-dysplasia kodwa uma zibonwa zizochazwa embikweni wakho. Izazi ze-pathologists zihlukanisa i-dysplasia ibe phansi naphezulu ngokusekelwe endleleni izicubu ezibukeka ngayo ezingavamile lapho zihlolwa ngesibonakhulu. I-Dysplasia iwushintsho oluyingozi olwandisa ingozi yokuba nohlobo lomdlavuza wesisu olubizwa ngokuthi i-adenocarcinoma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ingozi yomdlavuza inkulu kakhulu lapho i-dysplasia ichazwa njengebanga eliphezulu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma i-dysplasia ibonakala ku-biopsy yakho.