Imibiko ye-Pathology: Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Umbiko we-MyPathology
February 8, 2023

Kulesi sigaba, ithimba lethu izazi ze-pathology zinikeza izimpendulo zeminye yemibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nemibiko yokugula kanye ne-pathology. Unombuzo? Xhumana nathi.

Uyini umbiko we-pathology?

Umbiko we-pathology wumbhalo wezokwelapha ochaza ukuhlolwa kwezicubu ngudokotela wezifo. I-pathologist ingudokotela onguchwepheshe osebenza eduze nabanye odokotela eqenjini lakho lezempilo.

Ingabe i-pathologist ingudokotela?

Yebo. I-pathologist ingudokotela onokuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe kwe-subspecialty endaweni ye-pathology. Izinhlobo zama-pathologists zifaka izazi ze-anatomical pathologists, i-hematopathologists, i-neuropathologists, kanye ne-forensic pathologists. Ukuze ube udokotela wezifo umuntu kufanele aqedele isikole sezokwelapha esilandelwa ukuqeqeshwa kokuhlala. Iningi lama-pathologists libuye liqedele unyaka owengeziwe ongu-1 kuye kwemi-2 wokuqeqeshwa kobudlelwane ngemva kokuhlala.

Ngingathola ikhophi yombiko wami we-pathology?

Yebo, ungathola ikhophi yombiko wakho we-pathology. Izibhedlela eziningi manje zinikeza iziguli ukufinyelela emibikweni yazo ye-pathology namanye amarekhodi ezokwelapha ngokusebenzisa ingosi yesiguli eku-inthanethi. Uma isibhedlela noma ilabhorethri elungise umbiko wakho wokugula ingenayo iphothali yesiguli eku-inthanethi, ungacela njalo ukuthola ikhophi yombiko wakho esibhedlela, ilabhorethri, noma udokotela wakho.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo ezahlukene zemibiko ye-pathology?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kolunye zombiko we-pathology futhi uhlobo lombiko we-pathology olungiselelwe luncike ohlotsheni lwesicubu esithunyelwe ukuze sihlolwe kanye nendlela isicubu esikhishwe ngayo. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zemibiko yokugula zifaka i-pathology yokuhlinzwa, i-hematopathology, i-neuropathology, i-cytopathology, i-autopsy pathology, kanye ne-forensic pathology.

A umbiko we-pathology yokuhlinzwa isetshenziselwa izinhlobo eziningi zezicubu ezihlanganisa ezincane biopsies, ezinkulu izinqumo futhi ukuhlinzwa, kanye nokuhlolwa kwesitho sonke. Umbiko we-hematopathology usetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuhlolwa kwegazi, umkantsha, Futhi ama-lymph node. Umbiko we-neuropathy usetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuhlolwa kwezicubu ezivela ohlelweni lwezinzwa okuhlanganisa ubuchopho nomgogodla. Ezibhedlela eziningi, umbiko we-neuropathy usetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuhlolwa kwamasampula emisipha. Umbiko we-cytopathology usetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuhlolwa kwamasampula ezicubu ezincane kakhulu akhishwe phakathi ne-fine-needle aspiration noma pap smear. Okokugcina, imibiko ye-autopsy kanye ne-forensic pathology isetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu ngemva kokushona komuntu. Ukuthi umbiko we-autopsy noma we-forensic pathology uyalungiswa yini kuncike ezimeni zezokwelapha nezomthetho ezihambisana nokufa.

Yiluphi ulwazi olufakwe embikweni we-pathology?

Yonke imibiko ye-pathology ihlanganisa izigaba zolwazi lwesiguli, isifanekiso umthombo, umlando womtholampilo, kanye ukuxilongwa. Imibiko yokugula kokuhlinzwa (leyo echaza ukuhlolwa kwamasampula amathishu amakhudlwana njenge biopsies, izinqumo, Futhi ukuhlinzwa) ngokuvamile izofaka nezigaba ze okuncane kakhulu futhi okwedlulele izincazelo kanye imibono nge-pathologist. Imibiko yomdlavuza ingase ihlanganise nesigaba esibizwa ngokuthi umbiko we-synoptic okuhlanganisa ulwazi olubalulekile njengohlobo lomdlavuza, ubukhulu besimila, wekhasi isimo, kanye nesigaba se-pathologic. Eminye imibiko izofaka nesigaba esibizwa ngokuthi i-intraoperative consultation noma isigaba esiqandisiwe uma udokotela wezifo ehlola izicubu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola umphumela we-pathology?

Kungathatha noma yikuphi ukusuka osukwini olungu-1 kuye emavikini ambalwa ukuthola umphumela we-pathology futhi isikhathi sincike ezintweni eziningi ezihlanganisa uhlobo lwethishu, usayizi wesampula yethishu, kanye nesidingo sokwenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe. Ngaphambi kokuba noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesicubu luhlolwe udokotela wezifo, ludinga kuqala lubekwe kusilayidi engilazi futhi lufakwe amabala ukuze lubonakale ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Ngamasampula ezicubu ezincane njengalawo akhishwe ku-finele-needle aspiration noma i-biopsy inqubo, lokhu kungaqedwa phakathi 1 kuya 2 izinsuku. Ukuze uthole izicubu ezinkulu, ezibonakalayo noma ukuhlolwa okuphelele kufanele kwenziwe kuqala ukuze kukhethwe izindawo zezicubu ukuze kuhlolwe kabanzi ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Le nqubo ingathatha ezinye izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kwezi-4. Uma udokotela wezifo ethola amaslayidi engilazi, ukuhlola ngesibonakhulu ngokuvamile kungaqedwa osukwini olungu-1. Kodwa-ke, ama-pathologists avame uku-oda ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okufana i-immunohistochemistry futhi amabala akhethekile okudingeka ukuthi ihlolwe ngaphambi kokuphothula icala. Lezi zivivinyo ezengeziwe zingathatha usuku olu-1 kuya kwezi-5 ukuqeda.

Ingabe umbiko we-pathology ungaba yiphutha?

Nakuba kuyivelakancane, umbiko we-pathology njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ungaba iphutha. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izinga lamaphutha ku-pathology liphansi kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-2%) ngakho-ke imibiko eminingi izobe ilungile.