Isigaba esiqandisiwe

Isigaba esiqandisiwe ukuhlolwa okusetshenziswa ku-pathology ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuxilonga okusheshayo kwesampula yethishu phakathi nokuhlinzwa. Kubizwa ngokuthi “isigaba esiqandisiwe” ngoba isicubu siba yiqhwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuba sikhishiwe emzimbeni. Le nqubo ivumela odokotela bezifo ukuthi bahlole izicubu ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze babone isifo, ngokuvamile umdlavuza, phakathi nemizuzu. Injongo eyinhloko yenqubo yesigaba esiqandisiwe iwukusiza odokotela abahlinzayo ukuba benze izinqumo ezisheshayo mayelana nezinga lokuhlinzwa elidingekayo kuyilapho isiguli sisahlaliswa izinzwa.

Senziwa kanjani isigaba esiqandisiwe?

1. Ukususwa kwezicubu: Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa isampula yethishu endaweni oyithandayo.
2. Ukubanda okusheshayo: Isampula yethishu iqhwa ngokushesha kusetshenziswa i-cryostat, idivayisi egcina izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu. Inqubo yokuqandisa esheshayo igcina ukwakheka kwezicubu ngaphandle kwesidingo sezinqubo ezivamile zokulungisa nokushumeka ezisetshenziswa ku-histopathology yendabuko.
3. Ukuhlukaniswa: Ibhulokhi yethishu eqandisiwe ibe isisikwa ibe izingcezu ezincane kakhulu kusetshenziswa i-microtome ngaphakathi kwe-cryostat.
4. Amabala: Izingxenye zezicubu ezincanyana zifakwe kumaslayidi, zigcotshwe odayi ukuze zigqamise izakhiwo zamaselula, bese zimbozwa ngesiliphu sekhava.
5. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Microscopic: Amaslayidi anamabala ahlolwa ngesibonakhulu udokotela wezifo, obheka amangqamuzana angavamile nezinye izimpawu zesifo.
6. Ukuxilongwa nokuxhumana: I-pathologist idlulisela okutholakele kudokotela ohlinzayo, ngokuvamile ngenkathi ukuhlinzwa kusaqhubeka, inikeza ulwazi olubucayi olungathonya izinqumo zokuhlinza, njengokuthi ukususa izicubu eziningi, hlobo luni lokuhlinzwa oluzokwenziwa noma uma kukhona ukwelashwa okwengeziwe okungase kudingeke. .

Izinkomba zesigaba esiqandisiwe

Inqubo yesigaba esiqandisiwe isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlinzweni kwe-oncological:

• Nquma ukuthi isimila sikhona benign (ongenawo umdlavuza) noma okubi (umdlavuza).
• Qinisekisa ukususwa okuphelele kwesimila ngokuhlola imishado (imiphetho) yesicubu esisusiwe samaseli omdlavuza.
• Qondisa isidingo sokungenelela okwengeziwe ngokuhlinzwa ngesikhathi senqubo efanayo.
• Hlola isimo se ama-lymph node eduze kwesimila.

Imikhawulo yokuhlolwa kwesigaba esiqandisiwe

Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwesigaba esiqandisiwe kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile lwesikhathi sangempela phakathi nezinqubo zokuhlinzwa, kunemikhawulo eminingana uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kwezicubu ezishunyekiwe ze-formalin-fixed formalin. Le mikhawulo ihlanganisa:

• Ikhwalithi yesampula: Inqubo yokuqandisa esheshayo ingabangela ama-artifact kanye nokuhlanekezelwa kwesakhiwo sethishu, okwenza amanye amangqamuzana nezicubu zibe nzima ukuzihlola ngokunembile ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Lokhu kungase kuholele ekuchazeni okungalungile kwe-tissue pathology.
• Ububanzi bokuhlolwa: Ngenxa yemikhawulo yesikhathi phakathi nokuhlinzwa, ingxenye elinganiselwe kuphela yesampula yethishu ingahlolwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa okukhethiwe kungase kuphuthe izindawo zesifo, okuholela ekuxilongweni okungaphelele noma okungalungile.
• Izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi: Ukuhlaziywa kwesigaba esiqandisiwe kungase kungathembeki kangako ekuhlonzeni izinhlobo ezithile zezimila noma izimo ezithile ze-pathological ezidinga ukuhlolwa okunemininingwane eyengeziwe, amasu okubala akhethekile, noma ukuhlaziywa kwamangqamuzana okungenzeki ngezigaba eziqandisiwe.
• Izinselele zobuchwepheshe: Ezinye izicubu, njengalezo ezinamafutha amaningi, aziqandi kahle, okwenza kube nzima ukwakha izingxenye ezifanele zokuhlolwa kwe-microscopic. Lokhu kungonakalisa izinga lokuxilongwa.
• Ukunemba: Nakuba ngokuvamile kuthenjwa, ukunemba kokuxilongwa kwesigaba esiqandisiwe kungaba ngaphansi kwalokho kwezigaba ezihlala njalo. Kukhona ingozi yakho kokubili imiphumela engemihle kanye nengelona iqiniso, engase ibe nomthelela ezinqumweni zokuhlinzwa.
• Ukuhunyushwa: Ukuchazwa kwezigaba ezifriziwe kudinga ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile, futhi kuhlale kunezinga elithile lokuzithoba elihilelekile. Ukwehluka kokuhlangenwe nakho nokwahlulela kwe-pathologist kungaholela ekuhlukeni ekuchazeni.
• Isikhathi sokuguqula: Nakuba kushesha, inqubo isathatha isikhathi, enganweba isikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungase kungazifanele zonke iziguli noma izimo zokuhlinzwa.

Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo zokuthatha izinqumo ngokushesha, ukuhlaziywa kwesigaba esiqandisiwe kunemikhawulo, kuhlanganise nokwenzeka kokungalungile kokuxilonga ngenxa yokucutshungulwa ngokushesha kwezicubu kanye nethuba lezinto zobuciko ezethulwa ngokubanda. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezicubu, kusetshenziswa amasu ajwayelekile e-histopathological, ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa kwesigaba esiqandisiwe futhi kunikeze ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nesifo.

Mayelana nalesi sihloko

Lesi sihloko sabhalwa odokotela ukuze bakusize ufunde futhi uqonde umbiko wakho we-pathology. Xhumana nathi uma unemibuzo mayelana nalesi sihloko noma umbiko wakho we-pathology. Ukuze uthole isingeniso esiphelele sombiko wakho we-pathology, funda lesi sihloko.

Ezinye izinsiza eziwusizo

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