Biopsy

July 1, 2023

I-biopsy iyinqubo yezokwelapha ehilela ukukhishwa kwamaseli esampula noma izicubu emzimbeni ukuze kuhlolwe kabanzi ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Le nqubo ibalulekile ekuxilongeni izifo, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza, ngokuvumela izazi ze-pathology ukuthi zibheke ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana futhi zibone ukuba khona kwezimo zesifo ngaphakathi kwesampula.

Izinhlobo ze-biopsies

I-Biopsies ingenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene, kuye ngendawo kanye nemvelo yesifo okusoleka ukuthi sikhona. Ezinye izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• I-fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB): Inaliti enhle isetshenziselwa ukukhipha izicubu noma amasampula oketshezi emisipheni, emathanjeni, noma ezithweni.
• I-Excision biopsy: Kubandakanya ukususwa kwaso sonke isigaxa noma indawo ehlosiwe ukuze ihlolwe futhi ihlolwe.
• I-Incisional biopsy: Ingxenye encane kuphela yezicubu ezingavamile esikwayo ukuze ihlolwe.
• I-Endoscopic biopsy: Kwenziwe nge-endoscope, ishubhu elincanyana, eliguquguqukayo elifakwe isibani nekhamera, ukuqoqa izicubu ngaphakathi komzimba, njengesisu noma ikholoni.
• I-Skin biopsy: Kubandakanya ukuthatha isampula elincane lesikhumba.

Indlela ekhethiwe yokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy incike ezintweni ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa usayizi, indawo, nohlobo lokungajwayelekile okusolwayo. Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy, amasampula aqoqiwe alungiswa kuma-slides futhi ahlolwe odokotela bezifo abahlinzeka ngokuxilongwa okuqondisa izinqumo zokwelashwa.

Izizathu zokwenza i-biopsy

Ama-Biopsies enziwa ngezizathu eziningana, ikakhulukazi ekuxilongeni nasekulawuleni izifo. Izizathu ezivamile zokwenza i-biopsy zihlanganisa:

• Sifo: Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwenza i-biopsy ukuxilonga isifo noma isimo, ikakhulukazi uma ukuhlolwa kwesithombe njengama-X ray noma ama-MRIs kubonisa indawo yezicubu ezingavamile. Ama-Biopsies angaqinisekisa noma akhiphe ubukhona bomdlavuza, izimo zokuvuvukala, izifo, nezinye izifo.
• Uhlobo kanye nebanga lesifo: Ezimeni zomdlavuza, i-biopsy inganquma uhlobo lomdlavuza, wawo grade (ulaka), nezinye izici ezibalulekile ekukhetheni uhlelo lokwelapha olusebenza kahle kakhulu.
• Isigaba somdlavuza: Ama-Biopsies angasiza ekuxazululeni umdlavuza, okubonisa ukuthi lesi sifo sithuthuke kangakanani, noma ngabe sesisabalele, futhi uma kunjalo, kude kangakanani. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekubikezeleni nasekukhetheni isu elifanele lokwelapha.
• Ukuhlela ukwelashwa: Ulwazi oluningiliziwe olutholwe ku-biopsy mayelana nokwakheka kwamaselula kwesimila noma isilonda kusiza odokotela benze ukwelashwa kuhambisane nohlobo oluthile lwesifo. Isibonelo, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe zisebenza kuphela ngokumelene nomdlavuza onezimpawu ezithile zofuzo ezingabonakala ngokuhlaziywa kwe-biopsy.
• Ukuqapha impendulo yokwelashwa: Ama-Biopsies angasetshenziswa phakathi noma ngemva kokwelashwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi isifo sisabela kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni. Isibonelo, ukwehla kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza noma izinguquko ezicini zamaseli kungabonisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa.
• Izifo ezivuthayo: Ngaphandle komdlavuza, ama-biopsies asetshenziselwa ukuxilonga izifo ezihlukahlukene zokuvuvukala ngokuhlaziya iphethini ye ukuvuvukala kumasampula ezicubu, angasiza ekuhlukaniseni phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimo zokuvuvukala kanye nokukhetha ukwelashwa okufanele.
• Izifo: Ama-Biopsies angakwazi ukubona izifo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibangelwa isikhunta, izimuncagazi, noma amagciwane angajwayelekile, ngokuvumela ukubhekwa okuqondile kwe-ejenti ethelelanayo kumasampula ezicubu.

Yimiphi imikhawulo ye-biopsy?

I-Biopsies ngokuvamile ayisetshenziselwa ukususa ngokuphelele izicubu ezingavamile noma ukwelapha isifo. Isibonelo, lapho i-biopsy yenziwa esigangeni sebele, ngokuvamile akubandakanyi ukukhipha sonke isigaxa. Umgomo oyinhloko we-biopsy uwukuxilonga-ukuthola ukuthi siyini isigaxa. Uma kudingekile ukuqeda isigaxa ngokuphelele, ukuhlinzwa okubanzi kokuhlinzwa, okufana ukuziqhenya or ukukhishwa kabusha, kuzokwenziwa.

Amasampula e-biopsy ingxenye encane yethishu, okusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi izicubu ezingasampulaniwe zingaqukatha ulwazi olubalulekile olungathinta ukuxilongwa. Ngakho-ke, ama-pathologists asekela ukuxilongwa kwawo kuphela ezicini zesampula ye-biopsy abayihlolayo.

Le ndlela ngezinye izikhathi ingaholela ekuxilongweni kokuqala noma ingxenye. Isibonelo, i-biopsy evela esimila esikhulu ingase iqinisekise ubukhona bomdlavuza, kodwa ingacacisi uhlobo lomdlavuza. Ukuxilongwa okuningiliziwe kunikezwa uma isimila sesisusiwe ngokugcwele futhi sihlolisiswa, okuvumela ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwazo zonke izicubu.

Mayelana nalesi sihloko

Odokotela babhale lesi sihloko ukuze bakusize ufunde futhi uqonde umbiko wakho we-pathology. Xhumana nathi nganoma yimiphi imibuzo mayelana nalesi sihloko noma umbiko wakho we-pathology. Funda lesi sihloko ukuze uthole isingeniso esijwayelekile ezingxenyeni zombiko we-pathology ojwayelekile.

Ezinye izinsiza eziwusizo

I-atlas ye-Pathology