IKRAS

Ithimba lesichazamazwi sePathology
June 5, 2023

Kuyini IKRAS?

IKRAS iwufuzo olunikeza imiyalelo yokwenza iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-K-Ras. Iphrotheni ye-K-Ras ithumela amasignali ukusuka ngaphandle kweseli kuya ku- nucleus. Lezi zimpawu zenza amaseli avamile, anempilo akhule futhi ahlukane.

Yini isakhi sofuzo?

Ingqamuzana ngalinye emzimbeni wakho linesethi yeziqondiso ezitshela ingqamuzana ukuthi liziphathe kanjani. Lezi ziqondiso zibhalwe ngolimi olubizwa ngokuthi i-DNA futhi iziqondiso zigcinwa kuma-chromosome angu-46 engqamuzaneni ngayinye. Ngenxa yokuthi iziqondiso zinde kakhulu, zihlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezibizwa ngokuthi izakhi zofuzo. Isakhi sofuzo ngasinye sitshela ingqamuzana indlela yokukhiqiza ucezu lomshini olubizwa ngokuthi iphrotheni.

Zonke izakhi zofuzo zenziwe ngama-molecule abizwa ngokuthi izisekelo. Kunezisekelo ezine (A, T, G, no-C) ezakha ikhodi yofuzo. Ukuhleleka kwezisekelo ezine kunquma ukuthi yimaphi amaprotheni enziwayo.

Kwenzeka kanjani IKRAS abangele umdlavuza?

Kumaseli aphilile ajwayelekile, iphrotheni ye-K-ras yenziwa kuphela lapho iseli lidinga ukukhula noma ukuhlukana ukuze lidale amaseli amasha. Nokho, ushintsho esimweni IKRAS isakhi sofuzo singabangela iseli ukuthi likhiqize amaprotheni amaningi e-K-ras. Lolu hlobo loshintsho lubizwa ngokuthi i-mutation. Inani elikhulu leprotheyini ye-K-ras engajwayelekile elikhiqizwayo lizovumela iseli ukuthi likhule ngokushesha futhi lihlukane, lidale amaseli amaningi kunalawo adingwa umzimba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi leli qembu lamaseli lingaphenduka umdlavuza.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza onazo IKRAS izinguquko zofuzo?

Izinguquko ku IKRAS zivame ukubonakala kumdlavuza wekholoni kanye nerectum, amanyikwe namaphaphu. Umdlavuza nge IKRAS ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungase kuphendule kangcono ekwelashweni okuqondile, okuqondiwe okufana nama-RAS inhibitors.

Odokotela bahlola kanjani IKRAS izinguquko zofuzo?

Immunohistochemistry

Immunohistochemistry kuwuhlobo olukhethekile lokuhlola oluvumela izazi zezifo ukuthi zibone izinhlobo zamaprotheni enziwa iseli. Amaseli anokuguqulwa kwe IKRAS isakhi sofuzo senza iphrotheni ye-K-ras ehlukile kumaseli avamile. I-Immunohistochemistry ingasetshenziswa ukubona amaseli enza le phrotheni ye-K-ras engajwayelekile. Okuhle noma isasebenza kusho ukuthi amaseli wesimila kusampula yethishu enza iphrotheni ye-K-ras engajwayelekile. Negative noma okungasasebenzi kusho ukuthi akukho phrotheni ye-K-ras engajwayelekile etholakele.

I-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

I-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okuvumela izazi zezifo ukuthi zihlaziye izisekelo kufuzo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ngokufunda izisekelo zofuzo, udokotela wakho wezifo angathola izinguquko ezibangela umdlavuza.

Uma ukuguqulwa kutholakala ku- IKRAS gene kuzochazwa embikweni wakho njengokutholiwe noma okuhle. Umbiko wakho ungase futhi usho ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwatholakala kuphi. Uma kungekho ukuguqulwa okutholakalayo kuzochazwa embikweni wakho njengokungakatholwa noma okunegethivu.

Ukulandelana kwesizukulwane esilandelayo (NGS)

I-Next-generation sequencing (NGS) ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okusetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya inombolo enkulu yofuzo ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-NGS ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukubheka izinguquko ku- IKRAS isakhi sofuzo nezinye izakhi zofuzo ezaziwayo ukuthi zibanga umdlavuza.

Uma ukuguqulwa kutholakala kuzochazwa njengokuhle. Indawo kanye nohlobo lokuguqulwa kungase kuchazwe embikweni wakho. Uguquko olwaziwa ngokudala umdlavuza lungase luchazwe njenge-pathogenic noma okungenzeka kube yi-pathogenic. Uma kungatholakali ukuguqulwa, imiphumela izochazwa njengenegethivu.