Ukuvuvukala

Ithimba lesichazamazwi sePathology
Mashi 24, 2023

Kuyini ukuvuvukala?

Ukuvuvukala yindlela engokwemvelo yokusabela kwamasosha omzimba ekulimaleni, ekuthelelekeni, noma ekucindezelekeni. Kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ehilela ukukhululwa kwamakhemikhali kumangqamuzana omzimba omzimba, imithambo yegazi, nezinye izicubu ezisiza ukulwa nezinto eziyingozi nokulungisa izicubu ezilimele.

Yini ebangela ukuvuvukala?

Ukuvuvukala kubangelwa amasosha omzimba ngenxa yokulimala, ukutheleleka, noma ingcindezi. Lapho izicubu zonakalisiwe noma zinegciwane, amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba akhipha izimpawu zamakhemikhali ezifana nama-cytokines, ama-chemokines, nama-prostaglandin abangela ukuvuvukala. Lawa makhemikhali enza ukuba imithambo yegazi ivuleke futhi ivuze, okwenza amangqamuzana omzimba nezinye izinto zingene ezicubu ezithintekile.

Izimbangela ezivamile zokuvuvukala zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka okubangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, isikhunta, noma izimuncagazi.
• Ukulimala ngokomzimba njengokusikeka, imihuzuko, nokusha.
• Ukungezwani nokudla, impova, noma ezinye izici zemvelo.
• Izifo ezingamahlalakhona njenge-arthritis, isifo sikashukela, nesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo.
• Ukuchayeka kubuthi bemvelo, imithi, noma amanye amakhemikhali afana ne-asidi yesisu.
• Izici zendlela yokuphila njengokucindezeleka, ukudla okungenamsoco, ukungawuvivinyi umzimba, nokubhema nakho kungaba nomthelela ekuvuvukeni.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuvuvukala?

Izimpawu zokuvuvukala zingahluka ngokuya ngendawo nobukhulu bokuvuvukala, kodwa ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:

• Ububomvu: Indawo ethintekile ingase ibonakale ibomvu noma ishintshe umbala.
• Ukuvuvukala: Indawo ingase ivuvuke noma ikhukhumale ngenxa yokunqwabelana koketshezi.
• Ukushisa: Indawo ethintekile ingase izwe ifudumele lapho uyithinta.
• Ubuhlungu: Ukuvuvukala kungabangela ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki, noma endaweni yokuvuvukala noma ezindaweni eziseduze.
• Ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi: Ukuvuvukala kungabangela ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi endaweni ethintekile, okwenza kube nzima ukunyakaza noma ukusebenzisa ingxenye yomzimba ethintekile.
• Umkhuhlane: Ukuvuvukala okuhleliwe, okuthinta wonke umzimba, kungabangela imfiva nezinye izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane.

Kwezinye izimo, ukuvuvukala kungase kungakhiqizi izimpawu eziphawulekayo. Kodwa-ke, nakulezi zimo, ukuvuvukala kusengalimaza umzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamangqamuzana ezibangela ukuvuvukala?

Ukuvuvukala kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana zamangqamuzana omzimba omzimba asebenza ndawonye ukuze aqalise futhi alawule ukusabela komzimba komzimba.

Amaseli omzimba abangela ukuvuvukala ahlanganisa:

• Neutrophils: Lawa wuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwamaseli amhlophe egazi futhi ngokuvamile amangqamuzana okuqala ukufika endaweni yokulimala noma yokutheleleka. Banesibopho sokucwilisa nokucekela phansi amagciwane ahlaselayo. Ama-neutrophils avame ukubonakala ezindaweni zokuvuvukala okunamandla.
• Ama-Macrophages: Lawa amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe amakhulu adlala indima ebalulekile ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba ekuthelelekeni nasekuvuvukeni. Bahileleke ku-phagocytosis, inqubo yokuqothula nokubhubhisa amagciwane ahlaselayo. Ama-macrophages ngaphakathi kwezicubu abizwa ngokuthi ama-hitiocyte.
• Amaseli ensika: Lawa mangqamuzana amhlophe egazi abandakanyeka ekuphenduleni komzimba futhi anesibopho sokukhulula i-histamine, ikhemikhali eyenza imithambo yegazi ivuleke futhi ikwazi ukungena kalula.
• T cells: Lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi asiza ukuxhumanisa ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba. Bangakwazi ukukhuthaza noma ukucindezela ukuvuvukala kuye ngokuthi isimo. Ama-T cell adlala indima ebalulekile ekulweni nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
• Amaseli e-B: Lawa mangqamuzana amhlophe egazi anomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhiqiza amasosha omzimba, angasiza ekudambiseni amagciwane ahlaselayo futhi awavimbele ukuba angadala umonakalo owengeziwe.
• I-Eosinophils: Lawa maseli abandakanyeka ekuphenduleni komzimba ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nokungezwani komzimba.
• Ama-Basophils: Lawa mangqamuzana egazi amhlophe adlala indima ekuvikeleni umzimba ezifweni ezibangelwa yizilokazane kanye nokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuvuvukala okunamandla nokungapheli?

Ukuvuvukala kungaba i-acute, okuyimpendulo yesikhashana ekulimaleni noma ekuthelelekeni, noma okungapheliyo, okuyimpendulo yesikhathi eside engakwazi ukuqhubeka ngisho nangemva kokuba ukulimala kokuqala noma ukutheleleka sekuxazululiwe.

Ingabe ukuvuvukala kungalimaza?

Nakuba ukuvuvukala ngokuvamile kuyimpendulo yokuzivikela, isikhathi eside noma ukuvuvukala okungapheli ingaba yingozi futhi iye yahlotshaniswa nezifo ezihlukahlukene, ezihlanganisa isifo samathambo, isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, nomdlavuza.