What is a papilloma?
A papilloma is a common type of benign (non-cancerous) tumour that arises from epithelial cells on the outside or inside surface of an organ or tissue. Most papillomas are described as exophytic because they grow outwardly from the surface of the tissue. In contrast, endophytic or inverted papillomas grow down from the surface into the underlying tissue. The term “papilloma” can refer to growths in various parts of the body, and while they are benign, certain types can potentially become malignant (cancerous), depending on factors like their location, underlying viral infections, and specific histological characteristics.
Where are papillomas commonly found?
Common locations for a papilloma include:
- Skin: These are very common in both adults and children. Most papillomas in the skin are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
- Oral cavity: These papillomas commonly involve the hard and soft palate or the tonsils. Most are associated with
- human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
- Respiratory tract: Often develops in the setting of laryngeal papillomatosis, a condition associated with early life exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV).
- Genital area: Very common in the genital area, most are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Some will change into a malignant (cancerous) tumour over time.
- Breast: Intraductal papillomas occur within the milk ducts and, while generally benign, can be associated with a slightly increased risk of breast cancer.
- Urinary tract: Urothelial papillomas are commonly found within the bladder.
Is a papilloma a noncancerous or cancerous growth?
Papillomas are benign (noncancerous) growths that will not metastasize (spread) to distant sites. However, the potential for a papilloma to become malignant depends on various factors, including its location, the presence of certain high-risk types of HPV, and other histopathological features. For example, cervical papillomas caused by high-risk HPV types can progress to cervical cancer if not detected and treated early. Therefore, monitoring and, in some cases, removing papillomas can be important to prevent potential malignant transformation, especially in areas that are more likely to become cancerous.
About this article
Doctors wrote this article to help you read and understand your pathology report. Contact us if you have questions about this article or your pathology report. For a complete introduction to your pathology report, read this article.