Antral type mucosa

Antral type mucosa refers to the specialized tissue that lines the antrum, which is the lower part of the stomach just before it connects to the small intestine. Pathologists use this term in pathology reports to describe the normal lining found in this region. Because the stomach has different regions that perform slightly different functions, the mucosa in the antrum looks and behaves differently from the mucosa in the body of the stomach.

What cells are found in antral type mucosa?

The antral mucosa contains a different mix of specialized cells compared to the body of the stomach:

• Mucous cells: These cells make mucus that coats and protects the stomach lining from acid and digestive enzymes.

• G cells: These are hormone-producing cells that release gastrin. Gastrin is a hormone that signals the stomach to produce acid.

• D cells: These cells make somatostatin, a hormone that helps control the amount of acid by acting as a natural “brake” on gastrin release.

This balance of mucus-producing and hormone-producing cells allows the antrum to regulate stomach acid production and protect the lining from damage.

Why might antral type mucosa be mentioned in my pathology report?

Pathologists may describe antral type mucosa in a biopsy to confirm the location of the tissue. They may also comment on whether the mucosa appears healthy or shows signs of change.

For example:

• Normal antral type mucosa: The report may simply say that the sample contains antral mucosa without abnormalities.

• Inflammation: Chronic gastritis is a common condition that can affect the antral mucosa.

• Changes in hormone-producing cells: Abnormalities in G cells or D cells can affect how much stomach acid is produced.

• Metaplasia or dysplasia: In some cases, the cells in the antral mucosa may change type (metaplasia) or develop precancerous changes (dysplasia).

Why is antral type mucosa important?

Describing antral type mucosa helps doctors and pathologists understand which part of the stomach is affected by disease. For example, inflammation in the antrum is often associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, while inflammation in the body of the stomach may suggest an autoimmune cause. Identifying which part of the stomach is involved helps guide treatment and follow-up.

Questions to ask your doctor

• Why is antral type mucosa mentioned in my report?

• Were there any abnormal changes in the antral mucosa?

• Does this finding explain my symptoms or abnormal blood test results?

• Do I need treatment for inflammation, infection, or other changes in this part of the stomach?

• Will I need follow-up tests or repeat biopsies to monitor this area?