Polypectomy

A polypectomy is a medical procedure used to remove a polyp, which is a small growth of tissue, from the inner surface of an organ. It is commonly performed in parts of the digestive tract, especially the colon (large intestine), stomach, or rectum. After removal, the polyp is sent to a laboratory, where a pathologist examines it under a microscope to determine if it is benign (non-cancerous) or if it shows signs of precancerous changes or cancer.

Why is a polypectomy performed?

Polypectomy is usually performed because polyps can sometimes develop into cancer if left untreated. Removing polyps early helps prevent cancer from forming or catching it at an early stage. A polypectomy is most often done during a colonoscopy or similar procedure, particularly when screening for colon cancer or investigating symptoms like bleeding or abdominal pain.

How is a polypectomy performed?

A polypectomy is typically done during an endoscopic procedure, such as a colonoscopy. During this procedure, a flexible tube with a tiny camera is passed into the digestive tract. If your doctor identifies a polyp, special tools passed through the tube can safely remove the polyp. The removed polyp is then placed in a container and sent to the pathology department.

What does the pathology report tell you after a polypectomy?

After examining the polyp under a microscope, your pathology report will describe the type of polyp removed (for example, hyperplastic, adenoma, sessile serrated lesion), its size, and whether any precancerous or cancerous changes are present. This information helps your doctor decide whether any further treatment or follow-up is necessary.

The pathology report may also mention the margins of the polyp, meaning whether the polyp was removed entirely. If any abnormal tissue remains, additional treatment or closer follow-up might be needed.

What happens after a polypectomy?

Most people do well after a polypectomy. Your doctor may recommend additional screenings or procedures based on the findings of the pathology report. Regular follow-up helps ensure that any new polyps are detected and treated early, keeping you healthy and reducing your risk of cancer.