Non-diagnostic

In a pathology report, the term non-diagnostic means that the pathologist was not able to make a diagnosis based on the tissue or sample that was provided. This result does not mean the sample is normal or healthy—it simply means that there was not enough information in the sample to make a clear conclusion.

Non-diagnostic is a common result when dealing with small tissue samples, such as biopsies or fine needle aspirations.

Why would a sample be called non-diagnostic?

There are several reasons why a sample may be labeled as non-diagnostic:

• Too little tissue was collected. Sometimes the sample is too small for the pathologist to examine it properly.

• The sample was damaged. The tissue may have been crushed, dried out, or otherwise damaged during the procedure or in transport to the laboratory.

• The cells were not alive or were poorly preserved. In some cases, the cells in the sample have already broken down by the time they are examined.

• The sample does not contain the right type of tissue. For example, if the pathologist receives only normal tissue when the doctor was trying to sample an abnormal area, a diagnosis cannot be made.

Is non-diagnostic the same as a normal result?

No. Non-diagnostic does not mean normal. It means the pathologist was not able to gather enough information to say whether the tissue is normal or abnormal. A non-diagnostic result should not be considered a final diagnosis.

What types of procedures can result in a non-diagnostic sample?

The term non-diagnostic is most often used for small samples, including:

• Fine needle aspiration (FNA) – a procedure that removes a small number of cells using a thin needle.

• Core needle biopsy – a procedure that removes a small cylinder of tissue.

• Small excisional or incisional biopsies – where only a small portion of tissue is removed for testing.

These procedures can sometimes miss the target area or not collect enough of the right kind of tissue, especially if the abnormality is hard to reach.

What happens after a non-diagnostic result?

If your pathology report says the result is non-diagnostic, your doctor will consider several options:

• Repeat the procedure to collect a better or larger sample.

• Try a different type of biopsy or sampling method (for example, switching from fine needle aspiration to core biopsy).

• Use imaging guidance (such as ultrasound or CT) to improve accuracy during the next sample collection.

• Monitor the area over time with imaging or other follow-up if the risk of disease is low.

What happens next depends on why the original sample was taken and how concerned your doctor is about a serious condition such as cancer.

Questions to ask your doctor

• What does it mean that my result was non-diagnostic?

• Why was the sample not sufficient for diagnosis?

• Should the test be repeated or done differently next time?

• Is there any concern that a serious condition was missed?

• What follow-up steps are recommended?