Polypoid is a term pathologists use to describe a growth or tissue that sticks out from a surface and resembles a polyp, but does not clearly have all the features needed to be called a true polyp. A polyp is a defined growth, typically shaped like a mushroom or small bump, extending from the lining of an organ. Polypoid growths appear similar but may lack specific microscopic or structural details characteristic of true polyps. The word “polypoid” itself does not indicate if the growth is benign (noncancerous), precancerous, or malignant (cancerous).
Why is the term polypoid important?
Identifying a growth as polypoid is important because it signals to your doctor and pathologist that the growth requires careful microscopic examination to determine its exact nature. While some polypoid growths turn out to be harmless, others may contain precancerous or cancerous changes. This detailed examination helps guide your doctor on further management.
Types of polypoid growths
When examined under the microscope, polypoid growths can turn out to be various types of tissue changes, including:
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Hyperplastic polyps – These are typically harmless, noncancerous true polyps.
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Adenomas (adenomatous polyps) – These true polyps are precancerous growths that can develop into cancer if not removed.
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Inflammatory polyps – These are benign true polyps that form as a result of long-standing inflammation or irritation.
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Sessile serrated lesions – These true polyps have precancerous potential, especially in the colon.
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Malignant polyps – These true polyps already contain cancer cells when examined.
In some cases, a polypoid growth may not clearly fit into one of these categories. When this happens, your pathologist will describe exactly what they see to help guide further medical care.
How is a polypoid growth diagnosed?
Polypoid growths are typically identified during procedures such as colonoscopy, endoscopy, cystoscopy, or imaging tests. During these procedures, your doctor may completely remove the growth or take a small sample (biopsy) for examination and further evaluation. A pathologist then examines this sample under a microscope to determine whether it is a true polyp and to identify any precancerous or cancerous changes.
What does a polypoid growth look like under the microscope?
Under the microscope, polypoid growths appear as small bumps or raised projections from the tissue surface. They may have a narrow stalk or a broader base, attaching them to the tissue. Pathologists carefully evaluate the cells and structure of the growth to determine whether it meets the criteria for a true polyp or if it represents another type of tissue growth.
What happens after a polypoid growth is identified?
After the polypoid growth is examined by a pathologist, your doctor will review the pathology findings with you. If the growth is benign and fully removed, you may not require further treatment, although routine follow-up may still be recommended. If precancerous or cancerous cells are identified, your doctor will discuss the next steps, which could include additional procedures, treatments, or monitoring.
Questions to ask your doctor
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Was the polypoid growth identified in my sample a true polyp or something else?
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Did it show any precancerous or cancerous features?
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Was the polypoid growth fully removed?
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Do I need further treatment or follow-up testing?
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How often should I have follow-up exams or screenings?
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Is there anything I can do to lower my risk of developing more polypoid growths or polyps in the future?
