Psammoma bodies

Psammoma bodies are tiny, rounded structures often found within certain types of tumours. Under a microscope, they appear as small, layered (concentric) deposits made up of calcium and proteins, resembling the layers of an onion. The name “psammoma” comes from the Greek word “psammos”, meaning “sand,” because of their sand-like appearance under the microscope, and “oma”, meaning “tumour.”

Why are psammoma bodies important?

Psammoma bodies are commonly associated with tumours that grow in a papillary pattern. Papillary means the tumour grows in small, finger-like projections. Finding psammoma bodies in a tumour helps pathologists identify certain tumour types, aiding in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Which tumours commonly contain psammoma bodies?

Several specific tumours are known for frequently containing psammoma bodies. Some common examples include:

• Papillary thyroid carcinoma: This is the most common form of thyroid cancer, and psammoma bodies are a characteristic finding under the microscope.

• Meningiomas: Tumours arising from the meninges, the protective layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord, often contain psammoma bodies. Their presence can help pathologists confirm the diagnosis of certain types of meningiomas.

• Low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary: A slow-growing form of ovarian cancer often associated with psammoma bodies. Their presence can be helpful in distinguishing this tumour from other ovarian cancers.

• Serous carcinoma of the endometrium: An aggressive form of endometrial cancer (cancer of the lining of the uterus) frequently containing psammoma bodies, helping pathologists confirm this diagnosis.

How do pathologists identify psammoma bodies?

Pathologists identify psammoma bodies by carefully examining tissue samples from biopsies or surgery under a microscope. Their characteristic layered structure and calcium deposits make them distinctive and help pathologists recognize specific tumour types.

Questions to ask your doctor

If your pathology report mentions psammoma bodies, you might want to ask your doctor these questions:

• What type of tumour do I have, and what does the presence of psammoma bodies mean for me?

• Does finding psammoma bodies affect my prognosis or treatment?

• Will I need any additional tests or imaging studies?

• What are my next steps for treatment or follow-up care?

Understanding what psammoma bodies mean can help you clearly understand your diagnosis and become more actively involved in your healthcare decisions.