IgG4-related disease is a rare autoimmune condition where the immune system becomes overactive and mistakenly attacks healthy tissues in the body. It can affect many organs, including the pancreas, salivary glands, bile ducts, kidneys, and lymph nodes. This disease is called “IgG4-related” because it is associated with increased levels of a specific antibody called IgG4. …
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Type B3 thymoma is a rare tumour that starts in the thymus, a small organ located in the chest. The thymus is part of the immune system and helps produce T cells. This type of thymoma predominantly comprises epithelial cells, which look more abnormal than those in type B1 and B2 thymomas. It has fewer …
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Type B2 thymoma is a rare tumour that starts in the thymus, a small organ located in the chest. The thymus plays an important role in the immune system by producing T cells. In this type of tumour, there is a mix of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) and epithelial cells, with more …
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Type B1 thymoma is a rare tumour that starts in the thymus, a small organ located in the chest. The thymus plays an important role in developing the immune system, especially during childhood. Type B1 thymomas contain many lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, and the tumour cells resemble normal thymic epithelial cells. This type of thymoma …
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Diffuse papillary hyperplasia of the thyroid gland means an increase in both the size and the number of cells in the thyroid gland. The term diffuse means that the changes are seen throughout the entire thyroid gland while the term papillary is used to describe small finger-like projections of tissue that are commonly seen in …
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