Tumor grade describes how different the tumor cells look from normal cells when a pathologist examines them under the microscope. A grade appears in the pathology report for most cancers and many precancerous changes. In general, a low grade means the cells still look and behave much like normal cells. A high grade means they …
Read More »
Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped organs that filter tissue fluid and help the body fight infection. Cancer cells can travel through lymphatic channels and settle in nearby lymph nodes. For that reason, lymph nodes are often removed during cancer surgery and examined by a pathologist. A lymph node may also be removed on its own …
Read More »
A surgical margin is the edge of the tissue removed during an operation. When a pathologist examines that tissue, a key question is whether any tumor reaches the edge. The answer appears in the margins section of your pathology report, and it helps your care team decide whether more treatment is needed. Surgical margins are …
Read More »
Invasive breast cancer starts in the breast. The breast is made of small glands that produce milk and ducts that carry it to the nipple. Almost all breast cancers begin in the cells lining those glands and ducts. Invasive means the cancer cells have broken out of the gland or duct where they started. They …
Read More »
Pancreatoblastoma is a rare cancer of the pancreas. It is the most common type of pancreatic tumor in young children, usually appearing before the age of 10, with an average age of about 4 to 5 years. It can also occur in adults, although this is uncommon. The tumor is composed of cells that exhibit …
Read More »
Tumour mutational burden — usually abbreviated as TMB — is a measurement of how many genetic mutations are present in a tumour. The more mutations a cancer carries, the more it tends to look different from normal cells to the immune system. Because immunotherapy drugs work by helping the immune system find and attack cancer, …
Read More »
MMR-deficient, often written as dMMR, means that one or more of the proteins responsible for repairing mistakes in a cell’s DNA are missing or not working properly. When these repair proteins are lost, errors in DNA can accumulate over time, contributing to the development of cancer. Finding dMMR in a tumour has important implications for …
Read More »
A breast biopsy is a procedure in which a small amount of tissue is removed from the breast and sent to a pathology laboratory for examination. It is the only way to know for certain whether a breast abnormality is cancerous, precancerous, or benign. If you have received a breast biopsy pathology report, you may …
Read More »
There is no excerpt because this is a protected post.
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a cancer that develops in the body’s soft tissues, most often deep in the muscles of the arms or legs. It is a type of sarcoma, a cancer that begins in the body’s connective tissues. UPS is one of the more common types of soft tissue sarcoma in older adults. …
Read More »
🔍 Search MyPathologyReport
Type what you see on your report — for example a diagnosis or test name
