PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) is a protein that some cancer cells use to hide from the immune system. Testing for PD-L1 is one of the most important biomarkers in advanced cancer of the stomach (gastric cancer) and the gastroesophageal junction (the area where the esophagus meets the stomach), because the result helps determine whether immunotherapy …
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HER2, also known as ERBB2, is a gene that drives cancer cell growth when overactive. HER2 is best known in breast cancer, but it is also one of the most important biomarkers in cancer of the stomach (gastric cancer) and the gastroesophageal junction (the area where the esophagus meets the stomach). A “biomarker” is a …
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Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes, the cells that give skin its color. When melanoma has spread beyond the skin, one of the most effective treatment approaches is immunotherapy, a group of drugs that help the body’s immune system find and attack cancer cells. Two biomarkers can indicate how likely …
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PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) is a protein found on the surface of cells — including cancer cells and immune cells within tumours — that acts as a brake on the immune system. Under normal circumstances, PD-L1 helps prevent the immune system from attacking healthy tissue by binding to a receptor called PD-1 on T cells, …
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PD-L1 (Programmed Death-Ligand 1) is a protein found on the surface of many normal cells and certain cancer cells. It is part of a natural system in the body called an immune checkpoint, which helps regulate your immune system and prevents it from becoming overactive. Specifically, PD-L1 interacts with another protein called PD-1, which is …
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