Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the vulva is the most common type of vulvar cancer, making up more than 90% of vulvar cancers. It starts in the squamous cells that cover the surface of the vulva. Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva develops along two main pathways. About one-third of cases are caused by infection …
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Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) of the vulva is a noncancerous change in the skin of the vulva caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). It is made up of squamous cells that have been infected by the virus and show mild abnormal changes, a pattern pathologists call dysplasia. These changes are confined to …
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High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) of the vulva is a precancerous condition caused by persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). It is made up of abnormal squamous cells that are confined to the top layer of the vulvar skin (the epidermis). HSIL can also occur on the mucosal surfaces near the vaginal opening, where …
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Lichen sclerosus of the vulva is a long-term, noncancerous inflammatory skin condition. It causes the vulvar skin to become thin, pale, and fragile, often leading to long-standing itching and discomfort. Lichen sclerosus most commonly affects the skin of the vulva and the area around the anus, and it can occur at any age, although it …
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Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) of the vulva is a rare and slow-growing type of skin cancer that develops from glandular cells within the surface skin of the vulva. It is classified as an “in situ” cancer when the tumor cells stay within the top layer of skin (the epidermis), meaning they have not yet spread …
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Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) is a precancerous condition of the vulva. It is made up of abnormal squamous cells confined to the top layer of the vulvar skin (the epidermis). Unlike most precancerous lesions of the lower genital tract, dVIN is not caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Instead, it is strongly associated with chronic …
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