Intraepithelial lymphocytosis


Intraepithelial lymphocytosis refers to a condition characterized by an increased number of immune cells, specifically lymphocytes, within the epithelium (the outermost layer) of tissues. This diagnosis is made when a tissue sample is examined under a microscope. The presence of these lymphocytes suggests that your immune system is responding to something abnormal or irritating within the tissue.

Where is intraepithelial lymphocytosis commonly found?

Intraepithelial lymphocytosis can be found in several different organ systems, including:

  • Digestive tract: It is often observed in the small intestine (for example, in celiac disease), the stomach (such as with infections caused by Helicobacter pylori), and the colon (in conditions like inflammatory bowel disease or medication-related inflammation).

  • Skin: Some inflammatory or autoimmune skin conditions may show intraepithelial lymphocytosis.

  • Genital tract: Increased lymphocytes in the epithelial lining can occur in the cervix or vagina in response to infections or chronic inflammation.

  • Respiratory tract: Certain chronic lung diseases or infections may lead to an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes in the lining of the airways.

Your pathology report will specify exactly where the intraepithelial lymphocytosis was found and help guide your doctor in identifying the cause.

Which medical conditions are associated with intraepithelial lymphocytosis?

Intraepithelial lymphocytosis can be seen in a variety of medical conditions, including:

  • Infections: Certain infections, such as viral infections or bacterial infections like Helicobacter pylori, can cause an increase in lymphocytes in the epithelial layer.

  • Celiac disease: This autoimmune condition affects the small intestine, where eating gluten triggers the immune system and leads to intraepithelial lymphocytosis.

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Conditions such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis can cause lymphocytes to accumulate in the intestinal lining.

  • Autoimmune disorders: Other autoimmune conditions, such as autoimmune gastritis, can also cause increased lymphocytes in the lining of the stomach or intestine.

  • Medication reactions: Certain medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can irritate the digestive tract lining and lead to intraepithelial lymphocytosis.

Your doctor will carefully consider your symptoms, medical history, and other test results to determine which of these conditions may apply to you.

Why is recognizing intraepithelial lymphocytosis important?

Identifying intraepithelial lymphocytosis is important because it helps doctors pinpoint the underlying cause of your symptoms. By noticing this change in the tissue, pathologists provide valuable information to your healthcare provider. Recognizing intraepithelial lymphocytosis can lead to more focused testing, an accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment. In some conditions, like celiac disease, early detection can significantly improve outcomes, reduce symptoms, and prevent long-term complications.

Questions to ask your doctor

  • What is likely causing the intraepithelial lymphocytosis in my tissue sample?

  • Do I need any further testing to confirm the diagnosis?

  • What treatment options are available based on this finding?

  • Will I need regular follow-up tests or monitoring?

  • Are there specific lifestyle or dietary changes I should make?

  • Should my family members be checked for related conditions?

  • What symptoms should prompt me to seek medical attention?

  • Could this finding lead to other health complications if left untreated?

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