Fibroma of the oral cavity

by Jason Wasserman MD PhD FRCPC
July 17, 2024

Background:

A fibroma of the oral cavity is a benign (non-cancerous) growth composed of fibrous or connective tissue. It typically appears as a small, painless, and firm mass within the mouth. Fibromas can occur anywhere in the oral cavity but are most commonly found on the inside of the cheeks, the gums, the tongue, or the lips. They are usually caused by chronic irritation or trauma, such as biting the cheek or friction from dentures or other dental appliances.

What are the symptoms of a fibroma?

The symptoms of a fibroma in the oral cavity can vary depending on its size and location. Common symptoms include:

• A small, firm, and smooth lump or nodule in the mouth.
• The lump is usually painless but can become tender or sore if it is frequently irritated.
• The color of the fibroma may match the surrounding mucosa, but it can sometimes appear lighter or darker.
• Difficulty chewing, speaking, or swallowing if the fibroma is large or located in a problematic area.
• Irritation or discomfort if the fibroma is repeatedly bitten or rubbed by dental appliances.

What causes a fibroma in the oral cavity?

Most fibromas in the oral cavity are caused by chronic irritation or trauma.

How is this diagnosis made?

This diagnosis is usually made after the entire fibroma is removed in a procedure called a biopsy or an excision. The tissue is then sent to a pathologist for examination under the microscope.

Microscopic features of a fibroma

When examined under the microscope, the surface of the fibroma is covered by squamous cells that normally cover the inside surface of the oral cavity. The rest of the fibroma is made up of dense connective tissue called collagen and long thin cells called fibroblasts.

Is there any risk that a fibroma will turn into cancer over time?

Fibromas of the oral cavity are benign and do not have the potential to turn into cancer over time. They are considered non-cancerous growths and typically remain stable once they develop. However, it is important to monitor any growth or lump in the mouth and seek evaluation by a healthcare professional to ensure an accurate diagnosis. Other types of oral lesions or growths can mimic the appearance of a fibroma, and a proper evaluation is necessary to rule out other conditions, including cancerous tumours.

If a fibroma becomes bothersome due to its size or location, or if it frequently becomes irritated, a dentist or oral surgeon may recommend its removal. The procedure is generally straightforward and involves excising the fibroma under local anesthesia. The removed tissue is often sent for pathological examination to confirm the diagnosis and ensure there are no other underlying issues.

About this article

Doctors wrote this article to help you read and understand your pathology report. If you have any questions, please contact us.

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