Intercellular bridges

Intracellular bridges are tiny connections that link one cell to another. They are found in squamous cells, which are flat cells that make up the surface of the skin, the lining of the mouth, throat, and esophagus, and the outer layer of the cervix. These bridges allow squamous cells to stay firmly attached to each other and help maintain the strength and structure of squamous epithelium, the specialized tissue formed by these cells.

How are intracellular bridges seen?

When a tissue sample is examined under the microscope, intracellular bridges can appear as fine lines or threads stretching between neighboring squamous cells. Pathologists can see them more clearly when squamous cells are pulled slightly apart, leaving the bridges behind as evidence of their connection.

Why are intracellular bridges important?

Intracellular bridges are important because they confirm that the cells being examined are squamous cells. This helps pathologists identify the type of tissue present in the sample. They are especially useful when diagnosing squamous cell carcinoma, a type of cancer that develops from squamous cells. In this cancer, the tumor cells often keep some of their normal features, such as intracellular bridges, which helps distinguish them from other types of tumors.

What conditions are associated with intracellular bridges?

• Normal squamous epithelium: Healthy squamous tissue shows intracellular bridges as a sign of normal cell-to-cell adhesion.

• Squamous cell carcinoma: Cancerous squamous cells often show intracellular bridges, which can help pathologists confirm the diagnosis.

• Benign squamous lesions: Non-cancerous squamous growths, such as papillomas, may also demonstrate intracellular bridges under the microscope.

What does it mean if my pathology report mentions intracellular bridges?

If your pathology report mentions intracellular bridges, it means the pathologist observed these cell-to-cell connections and is using that information to identify the type of cells in your tissue. For example, their presence may support a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, or they may simply be noted as a normal finding in squamous epithelium.

Questions to ask your doctor

• Why are intracellular bridges mentioned in my report?

• Do they confirm that my tumor or lesion comes from squamous cells?

• Does the presence of intracellular bridges help determine my diagnosis or treatment?

• Are there other tests or features in my report that provide more information about my condition?