Squamous mucosa

Squamous mucosa is a thin, protective lining made up of specialized cells called squamous cells. This lining covers the inner surfaces of several areas of your body, including your mouth, esophagus, vagina, cervix, and anal canal. It also lines parts of your respiratory system, such as your nasal cavity, throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), windpipe (trachea), and airways (bronchi). The main role of squamous mucosa is to protect underlying tissues from physical damage, infection, and irritation.

What types of cells are normally found in squamous mucosa?

Squamous mucosa typically consists of two to three distinct layers, depending on its location in the body:

• Epithelium: This is the topmost layer, made up of squamous cells tightly joined together to form a strong, protective barrier.

• Lamina propria: Beneath the epithelium is a thin layer of supportive connective tissue that contains blood vessels, nerves, and immune cells.

• Muscularis mucosae: In some parts of the body, a very thin layer of muscle lies below the lamina propria. This muscle helps the mucosa move or contract slightly, assisting in its protective function.

What types of conditions can involve squamous mucosa?

Several conditions can affect squamous mucosa, including infections, irritation, inflammation, and cancer. The most common type of cancer that arises from squamous mucosa is called squamous cell carcinoma, which develops when squamous cells become abnormal and invade nearby tissues. Squamous cell carcinoma commonly occurs in areas such as the mouth, throat, voice box, esophagus, cervix, and lungs.

What does it mean if the squamous mucosa is described as reactive?

If squamous mucosa is described as reactive, it means that the squamous cells have been injured or irritated and appear abnormal when viewed under a microscope. Reactive changes can result from:

• Infection (viral, bacterial, or fungal)

• Physical stress or irritation

• Exposure to chemicals, medications, or other irritants

A reactive finding is not cancer. Usually, reactive mucosa heals when the underlying irritation or injury is resolved.

Should I be concerned about reactive squamous mucosa?

In most cases, reactive squamous mucosa is a temporary, benign condition that resolves when the cause is treated or removed. However, your doctor might recommend further monitoring or follow-up to ensure the condition improves or to rule out other concerns.

Questions to ask your doctor

If your doctor mentions squamous mucosa changes, you may want to ask:

• What caused the reactive changes in my squamous mucosa?

• Do I need additional tests or monitoring?

• Could these changes increase my risk for squamous cell carcinoma or other problems?

• How can I help protect my squamous mucosa from further irritation or damage?

Understanding squamous mucosa helps you actively participate in your healthcare decisions and better manage your overall health.