Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a noninvasive type of breast cancer that starts in the lining of the breast ducts (the tubes that carry milk). Noninvasive means that all the cancer cells are confined to the ducts and glands. They have not broken through the duct wall into nearby breast tissue. Because the cells are …
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Papillary lesion of the breast is a term pathologists use to describe a group of breast tumours that look similar when examined under the microscope. This group includes both non-cancerous tumours and cancers. Papillary lesion is a preliminary diagnosis. Typically, the entire tumour needs to be removed and examined before a final diagnosis can be …
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A radial scar, also known as a complex sclerosing lesion, is a non-cancerous growth in the breast characterized by an increased number of glands and ducts around a central scar. Although non-cancerous, this condition is associated with a small increased risk of developing breast cancer when compared to women without radial scars. What are the …
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A complex sclerosing lesion (CSL) is a benign (noncancerous) growth in the breast. Under the microscope, it has a central area of scar-like tissue with ducts and glands radiating outward, which is why it is sometimes referred to as a radial scar. Although the name includes the word “scar,” CSLs do not develop after injury …
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Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a non-cancerous breast disease. Although LCIS is not a type of cancer, it is associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer over time. The two types of breast cancer associated with LCIS are invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma. The increased risk applies to both breasts, …
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Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer. It originates from epithelial cells lining the ducts of the breast and spreads into the surrounding breast tissue. If not treated, invasive ductal carcinoma can spread to other body parts, such as the lymph nodes, bones, and lungs. Another name for this type of …
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HER2 stands for “human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.” It is a gene that provides instructions for making a protein found on the surface of specific cells. Normally, this protein helps control how cells grow, divide, and repair themselves. However, in some cancers, the cells have too many copies of the gene, resulting in the …
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