Disordered proliferative endometrium is a non-cancerous change that affects the endometrium, which is the inner lining of the uterus. It develops when the endometrium is repeatedly exposed to estrogen without the balancing effect of progesterone. Under the microscope, the glands in the endometrium look irregular and disorganized, but the changes are not considered precancerous. If …
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A dermatofibroma, also called a benign fibrous histiocytoma, is a very common non-cancerous skin tumour. It develops from the dermis, the thick layer of connective tissue just below the surface of the skin. Dermatofibromas usually appear as small, firm bumps that may feel hard to the touch. They are most often found on the arms, …
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A complex sclerosing lesion (CSL) is a benign (noncancerous) growth in the breast. Under the microscope, it has a central area of scar-like tissue with ducts and glands radiating outward, which is why it is sometimes referred to as a radial scar. Although the name includes the word “scar,” CSLs do not develop after injury …
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Chordoma is a type of bone cancer. It develops from remnants of an embryonic structure called the notochord. Chordomas almost always develop within a bone and most develop along the midline of the body in either the base of the skull or the sacrum. Chordomas are very slow-growing tumours and can reach a very large …
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Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is a type of kidney cancer. It develops from very small tubes (tubules) within the kidneys. It is the third most common type of kidney cancer in adults. Most people with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma have a very good prognosis. However, the outlook may change if special types of aggressive cells—called …
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Carcinosarcoma of the uterus is an aggressive type of cancer that starts in the uterus. It is sometimes described as a “biphasic” tumour because it contains two different kinds of cancer cells. One part is made up of cells that resemble those that normally line the inside surface of organs. This is called the carcinoma …
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Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a non-cancerous breast disease. Although LCIS is not a type of cancer, it is associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer over time. The two types of breast cancer associated with LCIS are invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma. The increased risk applies to both breasts, …
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Urothelial carcinoma is a type of cancer. It develops from special cells called urothelial cells, which line the inside surface of the urinary tract. The urinary tract includes the bladder, ureters, kidneys, and urethra. Most urothelial carcinomas start in the bladder, making it the most common type of bladder cancer. Sometimes, this cancer can begin …
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Papillary urothelial carcinoma is a type of cancer that develops from specialized cells lining the inside of the urinary tract. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Most tumours occur in the bladder, but this type of cancer can arise anywhere along the urinary tract. The tumour is called papillary because it …
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Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is a type of cancer that begins in squamous cells — the flat, overlapping cells that line the inside surface of the esophagus. The esophagus is the muscular tube that carries food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach. These squamous cells form a thin protective layer called …
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