GATA-3 (GATA binding protein 3) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in the development and differentiation of various cells within the body. It is part of the GATA family of transcription factors, which bind to specific DNA sequences in the promoter regions of target genes to regulate their expression. GATA-3 is particularly …
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S100 is a protein normally found inside many different types of cells in the human body. It plays a role in various cellular processes, such as cell growth and communication. Pathologists can use special tests to detect this protein in tissues, which can help them diagnose certain types of tumours and other medical conditions. What …
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p40 is a protein that is made by many different kinds of normal healthy cells including squamous cells, basal cells, and myoepithelial cells. Tumours that start from these types of specialized cells also make p40. Once the p40 protein is made it is held in a part of the cell called the nucleus. The nucleus …
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What does immunoreactivity mean? Immunoreactivity is a word pathologists use to describe the results of a test called immunohistochemistry. This test is performed to see if the cells in a tissue sample make a protein of interest. Cells that make the protein may be described as reactive or positive. Cells that do not produce the …
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What does immunostain mean? Immunostain is a word pathologists use to describe a test call immunohistochemistry. To learn more, read our article about immunohistochemistry.
Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) is a protein made by epithelial cells in the colon and urinary tract. It is also made by Merkle cells in the skin. This type of protein is also made by most benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous) tumours that start in the colon and urinary tract and in a type of skin …
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Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) is a protein made by epithelial cells in the thyroid gland, lungs, thymus, female reproductive organs, upper digestive tract, and head and neck. This type of protein is also made by most benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous) tumours that start in these organ systems. After CK7 is made, it is held in …
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Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used laboratory test that involves the use of antibodies to detect specific antigens (proteins) in cells within tissue sections. Pathologists use this test to see the distribution and localization of specific proteins within different parts of a tissue, thereby providing valuable diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive information. How does immunohistochemistry work? …
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