MLH1 promoter methylation is a change that affects the way the MLH1 gene is switched on and off. The MLH1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that repairs mistakes in DNA. When the promoter region of the gene (the “on–off switch”) becomes abnormally methylated, the MLH1 gene is turned off. As a result, the …
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MLH1 is a gene that produces a protein involved in DNA repair, specifically in a process called mismatch repair. This protein works closely with other mismatch repair proteins, including PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6, to detect and fix small errors that occur when DNA is copied in dividing cells. Together, these proteins play an important role …
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Medullary carcinoma is a rare and distinct subtype of colorectal cancer. Like other types of colon and rectal cancer, it starts from the inner lining of the bowel. However, medullary carcinoma has unique features when examined under the microscope. It tends to grow in large sheets of tumor cells and is usually associated with an …
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What is Lynch syndrome? Lynch syndrome is an inherited condition associated with an increased risk for developing several different types of cancer. It is caused by a genetic change that leads to the loss of a specialized chemical called a mismatch repair protein. Another name for this syndrome is hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). The …
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What is clear cell carcinoma of the ovary? Clear cell carcinoma is a type of ovarian cancer. Most clear cell carcinomas are associated with a condition called endometriosis. Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissue (which is normally found in the uterus) outside of the uterus and the ovary is a common location to find …
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Endometrioid carcinoma is a type of ovarian cancer that starts from the epithelial cells, which are the cells that normally cover the surface of the ovary and line the glands inside the uterus. It accounts for about 10% of all ovarian cancers. Many cases of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma are associated with a condition called endometriosis. …
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