Keratinizing squamous dysplasia of the larynx is a precancerous condition affecting the tissue on the inner surface of the larynx. This condition is considered a precancerous disease because it can, over time, turn into a type of laryngeal cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. Pathologists divide keratinizing squamous dysplasia into three grades – mild, moderate, and …
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Mucinous adenocarcinoma is a distinct subtype of colorectal cancer. It is called “mucinous” because at least 50% of the tumor is composed of a gel-like substance called mucin. Mucin is normally produced in small amounts by the cells lining the inside of the colon, but in mucinous adenocarcinoma, cancer cells produce it in large quantities. …
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Collagenous colitis is a non-cancerous condition in which inflammation develops in the lining of the colon. It belongs to a group of conditions called microscopic colitis, named because the changes that cause symptoms can only be seen when tissue is examined under a microscope — the colon looks entirely normal during a colonoscopy. The other …
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Lymphocytic colitis is a non-cancerous condition in which an increased number of immune cells called lymphocytes accumulate in the colon’s lining, causing inflammation and damage. It belongs to a group of conditions called microscopic colitis, named because the changes that cause symptoms are invisible to the naked eye and can only be seen when tissue …
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Microscopic colitis is a non-cancerous condition in which immune cells accumulate in the inner lining of the colon, causing inflammation and damage. This inflammation interferes with the colon’s ability to absorb water, leading to persistent watery diarrhea. The condition is called “microscopic” because the colon looks entirely normal during a colonoscopy — the changes can …
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What is an enlarged and hypercellular parathyroid gland? The term enlarged and hypercellular parathyroid gland describes a non-cancerous growth in one or more of the parathyroid glands. Unlike the normal parathyroid glands, an enlarged and hypercellular parathyroid gland may be large enough to be felt or seen in the front of the neck. What are …
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A parathyroid adenoma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumour of the parathyroid gland. It is made up of cells typically found in the parathyroid gland. In contrast to normal parathyroid glands, an adenoma can grow large enough to become noticeable or palpable at the front of the neck. This type of growth is more common in …
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An addendum is an additional note or update added to a pathology report after the original report has been issued. It allows the pathologist to provide new information or to clarify findings already described. The addendum becomes a permanent part of your pathology report and should always be read together with the original document. Why …
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Kaposi sarcoma is a type of cancer made up of abnormal blood vessel cells. It is classified as a sarcoma — a cancer that starts in the body’s connective tissues, which include blood vessels, fat, muscle, and fibrous tissue. Kaposi sarcoma most often appears as red, purple, or brown patches or nodules on the skin, …
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Mitosis is the process by which one cell divides to produce two identical cells. A mitotic figure is a cell caught in the act of dividing and visible under the microscope. Pathologists count mitotic figures because the number of dividing cells in a tissue sample is one indicator of how quickly a tumour is growing. …
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