A junctional nevus is a non-cancerous skin tumour made up of specialized cells called melanocytes. Melanocytes produce melanin, the pigment that gives skin its colour. The term “junctional” is used because the melanocytes in a junctional nevus are located at the junction between the epidermis and the dermis. This type of growth is commonly called …
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Hematopoietic cells are responsible for producing all the different types of blood cells in the body. The term “hematopoietic” comes from the Greek words “hema,” meaning blood, and “poiesis,” meaning formation. The process of creating these cells is called hematopoiesis. These cells are essential for the continuous production of blood cells, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood …
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An atypical carcinoid tumor of the lung is an intermediate-grade cancer that develops from neuroendocrine cells — specialized cells found in the walls of the airways that normally produce hormones and chemical signals. Atypical carcinoid tumors are classified as well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, Grade 2, one step more aggressive than typical carcinoid tumors (Grade 1) but …
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A typical carcinoid tumor of the lung is a slow-growing, low-grade cancer that develops from neuroendocrine cells — specialized cells found in small numbers throughout the walls of the airways that normally produce hormones and chemical signals to help regulate breathing. Typical carcinoid tumors are classified as well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, Grade 1 — the least …
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Small cell carcinoma of the lung is an aggressive type of lung cancer that develops from neuroendocrine cells — specialized cells that release hormones and chemical signals and are found in small numbers throughout the airways of the lungs. Small cell carcinoma is also called small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma or, in older literature, oat cell …
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Ewing sarcoma is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that most often affects bones and, less commonly, the soft tissues. It belongs to a group of tumours called sarcomas, which arise from connective tissues such as bone, muscle, or soft tissue. Ewing sarcoma is made up of very immature-appearing cells and is driven by …
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High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) is a precancerous disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). It is composed of abnormal squamous cells that have been infected and transformed by the virus. Squamous cells are found in a thin layer of tissue called the epithelium which covers the inside surface of the anus and anal canal. …
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Non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (NKSCC) is a type of cancer that arises in the oropharynx — the part of the throat located behind the mouth — whose cells have a distinctive microscopic appearance. The term “non-keratinizing” describes what the pathologist sees under the microscope: the cancer cells produce little or no keratin, a tough protective …
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Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) is a noncancerous thyroid tumor that grows slowly and has an excellent outcome after surgery. It develops from follicular cells, the normal cells of the thyroid gland that produce thyroid hormone. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland at the front of the neck. Although NIFTP cells …
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Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of cancer that starts in the anus or anal canal, which is the opening at the end of the digestive tract. This cancer develops from squamous cells, which are flat cells that normally line the surface of the anal canal. Anal squamous cell carcinoma usually grows slowly at first …
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