pathology

Malignant transformation

In pathology, the term malignant transformation describes the development of a malignant (cancerous) tumour from a benign (noncancerous) tumour or a precancerous disease. Malignant transformation is important because the cells in the malignant tumour can grow into nearby tissues and metastasize (spread) to distant organs such as lymph nodes and the lungs. Common conditions that …
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Dyskeratotic cells

Dyskeratotic cells are squamous cells that have undergone premature or abnormal keratinization, a process by which cells produce and accumulate a protein called keratin. Under microscopic examination, these cells are smaller and pinker than normal squamous cells. Dyskeratotic cells can be seen in a variety of precancerous, cancerous, infectious, and inflammatory conditions. What conditions are …
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Pathologist

A pathologist is a specialist medical doctor who examines tissues, cells, organs, and bodily fluids to diagnose diseases, determine the nature of illnesses, and provide information that is crucial for treatment decisions. Types of pathologists include anatomical pathologists, hematopathologists, neuropathologists, cytopathologists, and forensic pathologists. Pathologists often work in hospitals, laboratories, or academic institutions. Their findings …
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Fibroblasts

Fibroblasts are a type of cell normally found in connective tissue. They play an important role in maintaining the structural framework of tissues and organs in the body. They are one the most common types of cells found in connective tissue and are primarily involved in producing and secreting the extracellular matrix, which provides structural …
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Glandular cells

Glandular cells are specialized epithelial cells that form the functional units of most internal organs. They are involved in the production and secretion of substances that aid in the normal activity of the organ. These substances may include enzymes, hormones, mucus, or other products that are released into ducts, surfaces, or the bloodstream for various …
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Endosalpingiosis

Endosalpingiosis is a condition where tissue similar to that normally found in the fallopian tube is found outside of the fallopian tube. This tissue may be found in various pelvic organs and structures, such as the ovaries, peritoneum (lining of the abdominal cavity), and other pelvic tissues. It can also be found in small immune …
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B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)

B-lymphoblastic leukemia, also known as B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is a form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) characterized by the rapid production of immature white blood cells called lymphoblasts. In B-ALL, these lymphoblasts are derived from B cells, a type of …
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Fibrovascular core

A fibrovascular core is a microscopic structure made up of fibrous tissue and blood vessels found inside finger-like projections called papillae. These finger-like projections are commonly found in a variety of benign (noncancerous) growths such as papillomas and malignant (cancerous) tumours such as papillary thyroid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. The fibrovascular core helps …
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Psammoma bodies

Psammoma bodies are microscopic, rounded structures commonly found in some types of tumours. These bodies are characterized by concentric layers of calcium and proteins, giving them a lamellated or onion-like appearance under a microscope. The term “psammoma” is derived from the Greek words “psammos,” meaning sand, and “oma,” meaning tumour. Psammoma bodies are commonly associated …
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Intraductal pancreatic mucinous neoplasm (IPMN)

Intraductal pancreatic mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a non-cancerous type of pancreatic tumour. Although this type of tumour is considered non-cancerous, it has the potential to change into a type of pancreatic cancer called adenocarcinoma over time. The risk of developing cancer is higher for tumours that arise in the main pancreatic duct and for those …
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