High grade squamous dysplasia of the esophagus is a precancerous condition in which the cells lining the inside of the esophagus show significant abnormal growth. These cells are called squamous cells, and they normally form a thin, protective layer called the squamous epithelium. In high grade squamous dysplasia, the squamous cells look very different from …
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Low grade squamous dysplasia of the esophagus is a precancerous condition in which the cells lining the inside of the esophagus show abnormal growth. These cells are called squamous cells, and they normally form a thin, protective layer called the squamous epithelium. In low grade squamous dysplasia, the squamous cells begin to grow and look …
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The gastroesophageal junction is the area where the esophagus meets the stomach. The esophagus is a tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to your stomach, while the stomach is a muscular organ that begins digesting food. The gastroesophageal junction is a barrier to prevent stomach acid and other contents from flowing back …
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Struma ovarii is a type of teratoma, a noncancerous tumour in the ovary. The term teratoma is used to describe a tumour made up of germ cells – specialized cells in the ovary that have the potential to form many different types of tissue. While most teratomas contain a mixture of tissues, such as hair, …
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The term suspicious for malignancy is used in pathology reports to describe a finding that has features of cancer but lacks enough definitive evidence to confirm the diagnosis. This term indicates that while cancer is strongly suspected, further evaluation or testing is needed to make a final determination. When do pathologists use the term suspicious …
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DOG1 (Discovered on GIST-1) is a protein found on the surface of certain cells. It is commonly used in pathology to identify specific types of tumours. DOG1 was first identified in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), but it can also be found in other normal tissues and tumours. What is the function of DOG1? Although DOG1’s …
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Liposarcoma is a type of cancer that develops from fat cells. It is classified as a soft tissue sarcoma, which means it arises in the connective tissues of the body. Liposarcomas are most commonly found in areas where fat is normally present, such as the abdomen or limbs. While liposarcoma is rare, it is one …
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ERG is a protein found in the cells of certain tissues in the body. It is a transcription factor, which means it helps control how specific genes are turned on or off inside the cell. ERG is involved in the normal development of blood vessels and plays a role in the growth of certain types …
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Dedifferentiation (or dedifferentiated) in pathology refers to the process where mature, specialized cells revert to a more primitive, less specialized state. This phenomenon is typically observed in cancer cells, where the tumor progresses from a differentiated, often less aggressive state to a less differentiated, more aggressive state. Dedifferentiated cells exhibit higher levels of proliferative activity …
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High grade B cell lymphoma NOS (HGBL NOS) is a type of cancer that starts in the white blood cells called B cells. These cells are part of the immune system and help protect your body from infections and diseases. “High grade” means that this type of cancer is likely to grow and spread quickly …
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