Pathologists use plasmacytoid to describe cells that look like plasma cells. Plasma cells are immune cells that make antibodies. They have a round or oval shape, a generous amount of cytoplasm, and a nucleus that sits off to one side of the cell rather than in the center. Plasmacytoid is a description of what the pathologist …
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Epithelioid cells look like epithelial cells under a microscope. They are usually round or many-sided, with plenty of cytoplasm and a round or oval nucleus. The word “epithelioid” means “resembling epithelium,” so it describes how the cells look rather than what they are. Many different cell types can take on an epithelioid appearance, including immune cells, pigment cells, …
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Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) of the anus and anal canal is a change in the cells lining the anus that is caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). The abnormal cells stay within the surface lining and have not grown into the tissue below, so LSIL is not cancer. It is the lowest-risk …
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Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is a precancerous change in the cells lining the anus and anal canal. It is caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). The abnormal cells stay within the surface lining and have not grown into the tissue below, so AIN is not cancer. Some cases, mainly high-grade cases, can turn into …
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E-cadherin (also called cadherin-1) is a protein found on the surface of most epithelial cells. Epithelial cells are the cells that line many surfaces in the body, including the skin, glands, and the inside of organs such as the breast, stomach, and colon. E-cadherin helps these cells stick together and maintain their structure and organization. …
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Invasive mammary carcinoma is a general term used to describe a cancer that has grown into the breast tissue but has not yet been sorted into a more specific type of breast cancer. It is often a starting point: after further examination and testing, most invasive mammary carcinomas are reclassified as invasive ductal carcinoma (also …
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Acute cholecystitis refers to the sudden and active inflammation of the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located just beneath the liver in the upper right side of the abdomen. Inflammation happens when the gallbladder wall becomes swollen and irritated, usually because something is blocking the normal flow of bile. What is the …
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Erosive esophagitis means that the lining of the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food and liquid from the mouth to the stomach, is inflamed and has been worn away in places. The esophagus is lined by squamous cells, which form a protective surface layer called the epithelium. When injury damages this layer faster than …
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Candida esophagitis is an infection of the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food and liquid from the mouth to the stomach, caused by a yeast called Candida. The infection produces inflammation and damage to the lining of the esophagus. It is also called esophageal candidiasis or esophageal thrush, and it is the most common …
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Herpes esophagitis is an infection of the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food and liquid from the mouth to the stomach, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). The infection destroys cells in the surface lining and produces small ulcers, which makes swallowing painful. It is also called herpes simplex esophagitis or HSV esophagitis. …
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