In situ hybridization (often abbreviated as ISH) is a specialized laboratory test that enables pathologists to detect specific pieces of genetic material (DNA or RNA) directly within the cells of a tissue sample. The phrase “in situ” means “in its original place,” and “hybridization” refers to the way a probe (a small piece of complementary …
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An amendment is a formal correction or significant change made to a pathology report after the original report has already been issued. Unlike an addendum — which adds new information without changing what was previously written — an amendment directly modifies the content of the original report. Amendments must be clearly documented, and the relevant …
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A myxoma is a noncancerous tumor made of scattered cells in a soft, gel-like background called myxoid tissue. The gel-like material is what gives this tumor its name and its soft, jelly-like feel. Myxomas do not spread to other parts of the body and do not turn into cancer. They grow slowly, and most are …
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A cardiac myxoma is a non-cancerous tumour that forms inside the heart. It is made up of long thin spindle cells surrounded by myxoid tissue. Cardiac myxoma is the second most common type of heart tumour in adults. What are the symptoms of a cardiac myxoma? The symptoms of a cardiac myxoma depend on the …
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Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) is an early form of cancer that develops from glandular cells — the specialized cells that line organs and produce substances such as mucus or hormones. The phrase “in situ” is Latin for “in its original place,” meaning the abnormal cells are confined to the layer of tissue where they first …
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A biphasic salivary gland neoplasm is a tumour that arises in one of the salivary glands. It is called biphasic because it comprises two distinct populations of cells: luminal cells (ductal cells) and abluminal cells (basal cells or myoepithelial cells). The luminal cells are typically large round or cuboidal-shaped cells that connect to form round …
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A borderline Brenner tumor of the ovary is an uncommon type of ovarian tumor that is not cancer, but is also not a completely benign growth. It belongs to a group of tumors called borderline tumors, which sit between clearly benign tumors and cancer. A borderline Brenner tumor is more complex than a benign Brenner …
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What is clear cell chondrosarcoma? Clear cell chondrosarcoma is a slow-growing type of cancer made up of cartilage. This type of cancer is typically found in the femur (long bone of the leg) or the humerus (long bone of the arm) where it affects the epiphysis (end of the bone). What is cartilage? Cartilage is …
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A traditional serrated adenoma, often shortened to TSA, is a precancerous polyp that develops on the inner lining of the large intestine, including the colon and rectum. It is not cancer, but it can change into a cancer called adenocarcinoma if it is left in place, so it is removed when it is found. Traditional serrated adenomas are …
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Endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) is a precancerous condition of the lining of the uterus, which is called the endometrium. In this condition, the glands that make up the lining become crowded together, and the cells lining them look abnormal. EIN is not cancer. It is called precancerous because, left untreated, it can develop over time …
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