Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes, the cells that give skin its color. When melanoma has spread beyond the skin, one of the most effective treatment approaches is immunotherapy, a group of drugs that help the body’s immune system find and attack cancer cells. Two biomarkers can indicate how likely …
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Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes, the cells that give skin its color. BRAF testing is one of the most important biomarker tests performed on melanoma because the result can determine whether a group of targeted medicines is an option. A “biomarker” is a measurable feature of cancer, such as …
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Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a rare, low-grade skin tumor that usually affects older adults with sun-damaged skin. It most often develops in areas exposed to long-term ultraviolet (UV) light, such as the scalp, face, and ears. Although AFX can look alarming under the microscope, with cells that vary greatly in size and shape, it is …
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Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) is a rare type of skin cancer that usually affects older adults with extensive sun damage. It most often appears on the scalp or face, areas that receive a lot of ultraviolet (UV) light over a lifetime. PDS is closely related to a lower-risk tumor called atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX); the two …
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Primary cutaneous CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder is the name for a group of related conditions in which T cells (a type of immune cell) carrying a protein called CD30 build up in the skin. These conditions lie on a spectrum ranging from very slow-growing, often self-healing lesions to localized lymphoma (a cancer of immune cells). …
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Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a type of cancer that develops in the skin. It belongs to a group of conditions called primary cutaneous CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. A lymphoma is a cancer that arises from white blood cells, and in this disease, the cancer cells come from T cells, a type of …
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Lentigo maligna melanoma is a type of melanoma, a skin cancer that develops from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the skin. It arises in skin with heavy long-term sun damage, such as the face, neck, and arms, and it usually affects older adults with lighter skin. It begins as a noninvasive cancer called lentigo maligna, …
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Actinic cheilitis is a precancerous condition that affects the lips, most commonly the lower lip. It develops after many years of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, usually from sunlight. The lips are covered by a thin layer of skin and mucosa that is more sensitive to sun damage than other areas of the body. Over …
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Primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma is a type of cancer called a lymphoma that starts in the skin. It develops from B cells, a type of white blood cell that normally helps the immune system fight infection. The word “primary” means the lymphoma begins in the skin rather than spreading there from elsewhere, and at …
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Mycosis fungoides is a type of cancer called lymphoma that starts in the skin. A lymphoma is a cancer of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that help protect the body from infection. In mycosis fungoides, the cancerous cells are a type of lymphocyte called T cells, which build up in the skin and cause rashes, …
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