B cells

B cells are a type of white blood cell and an important part of the body’s immune system. They help protect the body from infections by identifying and responding to harmful substances, such as bacteria and viruses.

What do B cells do?

B cells play a key role in the immune response. When B cells encounter foreign invaders (such as bacteria or viruses), they produce special proteins called antibodies. Antibodies bind to these invaders, enabling other immune cells to recognize and destroy them. B cells also help the immune system remember infections, allowing the body to respond quickly if the same invader returns.

Where are B cells commonly found?

B cells are found throughout the body, primarily in the lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and bone marrow. These locations provide ideal environments for B cells to encounter and respond to infections. They also circulate in the bloodstream to reach various tissues and organs.

What types of cancer start from B cells?

Cancers that originate from B cells are referred to as B cell lymphomas or leukemias. Common examples include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma. These cancers occur when B cells grow uncontrollably and form abnormal collections in tissues like lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow.

What do B cells look like under the microscope?

Under the microscope, B cells appear as small, round cells with a dark-staining nucleus surrounded by a thin rim of lighter-staining cytoplasm. Pathologists often use specialized tests, such as immunohistochemistry, to identify proteins unique to B cells, which helps confirm their identity and aid in the diagnosis of related diseases.