Comedonecrosis



Definition:

Comedonecrosis is a pattern of cell death seen in certain types of tumours. The word “comedo” comes from a term used to describe a blocked pore, and “necrosis” means dead tissue. In the context of cancer, comedonecrosis describes dead cancer cells found in clusters within a tumour. These cells often die because they are growing so quickly that they outstrip their blood supply and are deprived of oxygen and nutrients.

What types of tumours commonly show comedonecrosis?

Comedonecrosis is most commonly associated with breast cancer, particularly a subtype called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). However, it can also be seen in other types of cancers, such as prostate cancer, kidney cancer, and certain aggressive forms of lung cancer. The presence of comedonecrosis in a tumour may indicate a more aggressive behavior, as it suggests that the cancer is growing rapidly.

What does comedonecrosis look like under the microscope?

Under the microscope, comedonecrosis appears as clusters of dead cells that have lost their normal structure and have begun to break down. In ductal carcinoma situ (DCIS), for example, these dead cells may fill up the center of a duct, forming a solid plug of necrotic (dead) material. The area around the dead cells may still have living, actively dividing cancer cells, which creates a sharp contrast between the dead and living tissue. Pathologists look for this feature when diagnosing and assessing certain types of tumours.

Comedonecrosis in the breast
This image shows comedonecrosis in a tumour in the breast.

 

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