Crypt distortion

Crypt distortion describes changes that affect the size, shape, and number of crypts in the colon. Crypts are tiny, specialized glands lining the inner surface of the colon. Normally, these crypts are uniform, straight, and evenly spaced, resembling a neat row of test tubes. When crypt distortion occurs, these structures become irregular, shorter, fewer in number, or develop abnormal branching.

What causes crypt distortion?

Crypt distortion usually happens due to long-term inflammation in the colon. Persistent inflammation damages the colon’s lining and leads to structural changes in the crypts. This is commonly seen in chronic colitis, particularly conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Over time, ongoing inflammation can significantly alter the normal appearance and function of the colon.

What do these changes look like under the microscope?

Under the microscope, pathologists look for several key features to identify crypt distortion:

• Atrophy: Crypts appear shorter than normal, indicating damage or incomplete growth.
• Loss: There is a noticeable decrease in the number of crypts.
• Branching: Crypts become irregularly shaped and split into multiple branches rather than remaining straight.

These microscopic findings help pathologists recognize chronic inflammation and support the diagnosis of conditions like inflammatory bowel disease.