Cystic degeneration

Cystic degeneration refers to a process where tissue undergoes changes that result in the formation of fluid-filled structures called cysts. This change develops when the tissue starts to break down or degenerate for various reasons.

Cystic degeneration can be caused by several factors, depending on the tissue or organ involved:

• Aging: As tissues age, they might undergo changes that lead to cyst formation.
• Blockages: In glands, if the ducts that carry secretions get blocked, it can lead to cyst formation.
• Injuries or trauma: After an injury, some tissues might degenerate and form cysts as part of the healing process.
• Tumours: Cystic degeneration is common in some types of tumours, especially if the tumour becomes very large.
• After surgery: Cystic degeneration often occurs after surgery is performed, especially if a large amount of tissue is removed during the procedure.

What are some common noncancerous conditions that can show cystic degeneration?

Common noncancerous conditions associated with cystic degeneration include:

• Ovarian cysts: Common in women, these cysts form in the ovaries, often as a result of the menstrual cycle.
• Meniscal cysts: In the knee joint, degeneration of the meniscus (a type of cartilage) can lead to cyst formation.
• Baker’s cyst: A fluid-filled cyst that forms behind the knee, often due to knee joint conditions like arthritis.
• Polycystic kidney disease: A genetic condition where multiple cysts form in the kidneys, leading to enlargement and impaired function.
• Fibrocystic breast changes: A common condition in women where breast tissue feels lumpy and may contain cysts.
• Bone cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that can form in bones, often seen in children and adolescents.

Cystic degeneration in tumours

Cystic degeneration can also occur in both benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous) tumours. In tumours, this change refers to the formation of cyst-like spaces within the tumour itself. These spaces are typically filled with fluid or semi-fluid material.

The presence of cystic degeneration within a tumour can provide valuable diagnostic information. It may help in differentiating between types of tumours, as certain tumors are more prone to this kind of change.

This process can occur due to various reasons:

• Inadequate blood supply: Rapidly growing tumors may outgrow their blood supply. Parts of the tumor may not receive enough oxygen and nutrients, leading to cell death and subsequent cyst formation.
• Degenerative changes: In some tumors, especially larger ones, the central part of the tumor may start to degenerate, creating cystic spaces.
• Fluid accumulation: Some tumors produce fluid, which can accumulate and form cystic areas.
• Post-treatment: Tumours can show cystic degeneration after treatment, particularly radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

About this article

Doctors wrote this article to assist you in reading and comprehending your pathology report. Feel free to reach out to us with any questions about this article or your pathology report. To get a comprehensive introduction to your pathology report, read this article.

Other helpful resources

Atlas of pathology