Eosinophilic abscess

A collection of eosinophils inside tissue is called an eosinophilic abscess. Eosinophilic abscesses are often seen in areas of infection, especially infections caused by fungi or parasites. If the collection is large enough, it can form a sticky substance called pus. An eosinophilic microabscess is a small group of eosinophils inside tissue. Microabscesses can only be seen when the tissue is examined under a microscope.

Medical conditions associated with eosinophilic abscesses

Parasitic infections

Parasitic infections are among the most common causes of eosinophilic abscesses. Organisms such as Entamoeba histolytica (causing amoebic liver abscesses) and various helminths (e.g., Toxocara canis, Schistosoma spp.) can lead to abscess formation with a significant eosinophilic component.

Fungal infections

Certain fungal infections, especially those caused by species that elicit a strong allergic response, can result in eosinophilic abscess formation. Aspergillus spp. is an example where fungal infection might be associated with eosinophilic reactions, particularly in individuals with an underlying condition like asthma or cystic fibrosis.

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES)

This is a group of blood disorders characterized by the overproduction of eosinophils. When these excess eosinophils infiltrate tissues, they can cause inflammation and sometimes form abscesses. HES can affect various organs, including the skin, lungs, heart, and gastrointestinal tract.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis

Although more commonly associated with inflammation rather than abscess formation, eosinophilic gastroenteritis involves eosinophil infiltration into the gastrointestinal tract. In severe cases, it could potentially lead to abscess formation.

Drug reactions

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome) can, in rare instances, lead to eosinophilic abscesses. This severe reaction to certain medications is characterized by a high eosinophil count, rash, and involvement of internal organs.

Allergic conditions

Although less commonly, severe allergic reactions to substances, including drugs or allergens, can sometimes lead to eosinophilic inflammation and potentially abscess formation if there is a localized intense reaction.

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA, formerly known as Churg-Strauss Syndrome)

This is a form of vasculitis that involves eosinophilia. It can lead to the formation of granulomas and abscesses, particularly in the respiratory tract but also potentially affecting other organs.

About this article

Doctors wrote this article to help you read and understand your pathology report. Contact us if you have questions about this article or your pathology report. For a complete introduction to your pathology report, read this article.

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Atlas of pathology