Reed-Sternberg cells

Reed-Sternberg cells are a specific type of abnormal cell found in certain cancers. These cells are large, with a distinctive appearance under the microscope, and they play an important role in the diagnosis of a cancer called Hodgkin lymphoma. Reed-Sternberg cells are believed to be derived from a white blood cell type known as a B cell. However, unlike normal B cells, these cells undergo abnormal changes that result in their unique appearance and behavior.

What conditions are associated with Reed-Sternberg cells?

Reed-Sternberg cells are most commonly associated with Hodgkin lymphoma, a cancer of the lymphatic system. There are different types of Hodgkin lymphoma, and the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells is a hallmark feature in most of these types, particularly in classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Reed-Sternberg cells can sometimes be seen in other, rarer conditions, but their presence strongly suggests Hodgkin lymphoma.

What do Reed-Sternberg cells look like under the microscope?

Under the microscope, Reed-Sternberg cells are easily recognizable because of their large size and characteristic appearance. They often have two or more nuclei (the cell’s control centers), which look like “owl eyes” due to their large size and prominent, round shape. The nuclei are usually surrounded by a clear area in the cell known as the cytoplasm. This unique “owl-eye” appearance is a key feature that helps pathologists identify these cells and make a diagnosis.

What additional tests are used to identify Reed-Sternberg cells?

In addition to looking at the cells under a microscope, pathologists use special tests to confirm the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. One of the most common tests is called immunohistochemistry (IHC), which uses antibodies to detect specific proteins on the surface of the cells. Reed-Sternberg cells usually test positive for specific proteins, such as CD30 and CD15. This helps to distinguish them from other types of cells that might be present in a lymph node or tissue sample. Other tests, like molecular studies, can be used to characterize these cells further and rule out other conditions.