What is a squamous papilloma? Squamous papilloma is a non-cancerous growth made up of specialized squamous cells that connect together to form finger-like projections called papilla. This type of growth can start in any location where squamous cells are normally found such as the skin, mouth, tonsils, larynx, esophagus, and eyelids. What causes a squamous …
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TTF-1 (stands for thyroid transcription factor -1) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in the development and differentiation of the thyroid gland, thymus, lung, and brain. It is a nuclear protein which means it is normally found in a part of the cell called the nucleus. TTF-1 is normally expressed in the …
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High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) is a precancerous condition caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). It involves abnormal changes in squamous cells, which are flat cells found on the surface of tissues such as the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, and anal canal. HSIL is primarily caused by high-risk HPV types, especially types 16 …
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The small bowel mucosa is a thin, specialized lining that covers the inside of your small intestine, also called the small bowel. The small intestine is a vital part of your digestive system, connecting your stomach to your colon, or large intestine. It is divided into three main sections: Duodenum: This is the first part …
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The colonic mucosa is the inner lining of the colon, a long, tube-shaped organ that forms part of the digestive tract. The colon starts at the end of the small intestine (ileum) and extends to the anal canal. The mucosa helps absorb water and nutrients and also protects the colon by producing mucus. What are …
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Periodic acid Schiff plus diastase or PAS-D is a special stain with various uses by pathologists. It is typically used in combination with the routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slide. Common uses for PAS-D include: Intracellular mucin: PAS-D can help a pathologist differentiate between glycogen and mucin. When a PAS-D-stained slide is examined under …
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Periodic acid Schiff (also known as PAS) is a special stain test performed by pathologists to look for two types of chemicals in a tissue sample: a type of sugar called glycogen, and a type of protein called mucin. Pathologists often perform a PAS stain when they are trying to determine if the cells in …
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Grocott (also known as GMS) is a special stain test performed by pathologists to look for fungal microorganisms in a tissue sample. The most commonly identified fungal microorganisms are Candida and Pneumocystis. GMS may also be used to look for some types of bacteria, such as Actinomyces and Nocardia. When a GMS-stained slide is examined …
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What is mucicarmine? Mucicarmine is a special stain test (using a colouring stain) performed by pathologists to look for a type of protein called mucin. Mucin is made by specialized epithelial cells and it helps protect cells from damage. Mucin-producing cells are very common in the digestive tract (notably the colon) and the respiratory tract …
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Edema is the accumulation of clear, water-like fluid inside tissue. It develops when a type of fluid called serum leaks out of blood vessels and into the surrounding tissue. Common causes include congestive heart failure, liver disease, kidney disease, blood clots in large veins, and medical conditions associated with decreased protein levels in the blood. …
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