A neuroendocrine tumor (NET) is a rare type of cancer that arises from neuroendocrine cells in the nasal cavity or sinuses. Neuroendocrine cells normally produce hormones in response to nerve signals. Tumors formed by these cells can vary widely in their behavior, from slow-growing to highly aggressive. What are the symptoms of a neuroendocrine tumor …
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HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina is a type of vaginal cancer linked to infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). It develops when HPV causes squamous cells in the lining of the vagina to grow abnormally, forming a tumor that can invade surrounding tissues. What are the symptoms of HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma? Common symptoms …
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The androgen receptor (AR) is a protein found in certain cells that acts as a receptor for hormones called androgens — a group that includes testosterone. When an androgen enters a cell and binds to the androgen receptor, it sends a signal to the cell’s nucleus telling it to grow and divide. In healthy tissue, …
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Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is a slow growing type of blood cancer involving abnormal immune cells called lymphocytes and plasma cells. These cells typically build up in the bone marrow and occasionally in lymph nodes, the spleen, or other body parts. This abnormal buildup interferes with the body’s ability to produce healthy blood cells. When lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma …
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Gangrenous cholecystitis is a severe and life-threatening form of gallbladder inflammation. It happens when the gallbladder does not get enough blood flow, causing its tissues to die. When this occurs, the gallbladder can develop infection, rupture, or serious complications, making emergency treatment necessary. What are the symptoms of gangrenous cholecystitis? The symptoms of gangrenous cholecystitis …
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A fibroepithelial polyp is a small, noncancerous growth that develops on the surface of the skin or the lining of certain body parts, such as the urinary tract or genital area. It is made up of fibrous tissue (connective tissue that supports other tissues in the body) and is covered by a thin layer of …
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An aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign (non-cancerous) tumour of bone composed of multiple blood-filled spaces separated by thin walls of tissue. Despite the name, it is not related to blood vessel aneurysms. The expanding cystic spaces can weaken bone and cause pain or swelling. This article explains the pathology report for aneurysmal bone cyst, …
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Grade 3 chondrosarcoma, also known as high-grade chondrosarcoma, is a type of cancer made up of cartilage that develops within the medulla (central space) of a bone. It is one of the most common types of primary bone cancer in adults. Why is the grade important? Chondrosarcomas are graded based on their appearance under the …
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Grade 2 chondrosarcoma, also known as intermediate grade chondrosarcoma, is a type of cancer made up of cartilage that develops within the medulla (central space) of a bone. It is one of the most common types of primary bone cancer in adults. Why is the grade important? Chondrosarcomas are graded based on their appearance under …
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Grade 1 chondrosarcoma, also known as low-grade chondrosarcoma, is a type of cancer made up of cartilage that develops within the medulla (central space) of a bone. It is one of the most common types of primary bone cancer in adults. Why is the grade important? Chondrosarcomas are graded based on their appearance under the …
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