Lymphoplasmacytic is a term pathologists use to describe inflammation involving two specific types of immune cells: lymphocytes and plasma cells. Lymphocytes are white blood cells that help protect your body against infections. Plasma cells are specialized cells that develop from lymphocytes and produce antibodies to fight infections and other harmful substances. What causes lymphoplasmacytic inflammation? …
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Lymphohistiocytic is a term pathologists use to describe a type of inflammation involving two kinds of immune cells: lymphocytes and histiocytes. Lymphocytes are white blood cells that help your body fight infections, while histiocytes are cells that remove harmful substances and help repair damaged tissues. Together, these cells indicate that your immune system is responding …
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A satellite metastasis is a small group of cancer cells that has spread just beyond the main tumour but remains very close to it. These small tumours are usually found within 2 centimeters of the primary tumour and have not yet traveled to lymph nodes or distant organs. Satellite metastases are most commonly seen in …
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D2-40 is the name of a stain that pathologists use to find a protein called podoplanin in a tissue sample. Podoplanin is found in the cells that line lymphatic vessels, the thin channels that drain fluid from tissues and carry immune cells around the body. Because the D2-40 stain highlights these vessels clearly, it is …
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A fibroepithelial polyp is a small, noncancerous growth that develops on the surface of the skin or the lining of certain body parts, such as the urinary tract or genital area. It is made up of fibrous tissue (connective tissue that supports other tissues in the body) and is covered by a thin layer of …
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Poorly differentiated carcinoma is a carcinoma (a cancer that starts in the epithelial cells lining the surfaces of organs) whose cells look very abnormal and no longer resemble the healthy tissue they came from. The word differentiated describes how closely cancer cells still look like normal cells. When a carcinoma is poorly differentiated, the cells …
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MLH1 is a gene that produces a protein involved in repairing mistakes in a cell’s DNA. It is one of four key mismatch repair (MMR) proteins — along with PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6 — that work together to find and fix small errors that occur when DNA is copied during cell division. MLH1 and PMS2 …
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MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) is a protein that helps regulate the development, function, and survival of certain types of cells, particularly melanocytes. Melanocytes are specialized cells found in the skin and other tissues where they produce a pigment called melanin. This pigment gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes. MITF plays a crucial role …
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A translocation is a type of genetic change where a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome. Chromosomes are structures inside your cells that carry DNA, the instructions your body uses to grow, repair itself, and function properly. When pieces of chromosomes switch places, they can create new combinations of …
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Matted lymph nodes are groups of lymph nodes that have become stuck together, forming a single mass. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are part of the immune system. They help the body fight infections by filtering out harmful substances. Normally, lymph nodes are separate from one another, but in certain conditions, they can …
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