E-cadherin is a protein normally found on the surface of epithelial cells. Epithelial cells line the surfaces inside and outside of your body, including your skin, digestive tract, and various organs. E-cadherin helps epithelial cells stick tightly to each other, maintaining the structure and integrity of tissues. Why do pathologists test for E-cadherin? Pathologists test …
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What is PAX5? PAX5 (Paired box protein 5) is a type of protein called a transcription factor that plays an important role in the development and function of B cells, a type of white blood cells (WBCs) that are part of the body’s immune system. It is also known as BSAP (B-cell-specific activator protein) due …
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AE1/AE3 is a test pathologists use involving a combination of antibodies designed to recognize a group of proteins called cytokeratins. Cytokeratins are proteins found inside epithelial cells, which are the cells that line surfaces inside and outside your body, such as your skin and the lining of internal organs. The AE1/AE3 test helps pathologists identify …
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CDX2 is a protein made by cells that line the inside of the gastrointestinal tract, including the small intestine and the colon. It plays an important role in controlling how these intestinal cells grow and develop. Why do pathologists test for CDX2? Pathologists test for CDX2 to help determine if cells seen in a tissue …
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CD30 is a protein found on the surface of certain cells in the immune system, particularly activated T cells and B cells. It plays a role in regulating cell growth and communication within the immune response. Why do pathologists test for CD30? Pathologists test for CD30 to help diagnose and classify specific types of lymphomas …
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CD68 is a protein normally found on the surface of macrophages, a type of immune cell, and cells related to macrophages. Macrophages help protect your body by engulfing and removing bacteria, damaged cells, and other particles. CD68 helps macrophages carry out their role in the immune response. Why do pathologists test for CD68? Pathologists test …
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CD5 is a protein normally found on the surface of specific immune cells, particularly certain types of lymphocytes (a kind of white blood cell). CD5 helps these immune cells communicate and interact within the immune system, especially in regulating immune responses and preventing autoimmune reactions. Why do pathologists test for CD5? Pathologists test for CD5 …
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CD3 is a protein that is normally made by two types of specialized immune cells, T cells and NK cells. Most lymphomas that start from T and NK cells, including peripheral T cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, also make CD3. Two common tests used to look for CD3 in …
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Synaptophysin is a protein found on the surface of certain cells in the body. It is especially important in cells that help send signals in the nervous system, such as nerve cells (neurons) and some related types of cells. Synaptophysin is a marker that pathologists use to identify specific types of cells and tumours under …
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What is PAX8? PAX8 (Paired box gene 8) is a specialized protein called a transcription factor. It plays an important role in the formation of various organs including the thyroid gland, kidneys, ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. What does PAX8 do? The PAX8 protein is required for the normal development and function of various …
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