A satellite metastasis is a small group of cancer cells that has spread just beyond the main tumour but remains very close to it. These small tumours are usually found within 2 centimeters of the primary tumour and have not yet traveled to lymph nodes or distant organs. Satellite metastases are most commonly seen in …
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Gangrenous cholecystitis is a severe and life-threatening form of gallbladder inflammation. It happens when the gallbladder does not get enough blood flow, causing its tissues to die. When this occurs, the gallbladder can develop infection, rupture, or serious complications, making emergency treatment necessary. What are the symptoms of gangrenous cholecystitis? The symptoms of gangrenous cholecystitis …
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D2-40 is a protein normally found in the cells lining the lymphatic vessels, which are part of the body’s immune system. These vessels help drain fluid from tissues and transport immune cells. This protein can also be found in other types of cells, allowing pathologists to identify specific tumours made up of these cells. What …
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A fibroepithelial polyp is a small, noncancerous growth that develops on the surface of the skin or the lining of certain body parts, such as the urinary tract or genital area. It is made up of fibrous tissue (connective tissue that supports other tissues in the body) and is covered by a thin layer of …
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HPV related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma is a rare type of cancer that develops in the nasal cavity or the sinuses. It is linked to infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), a virus that can cause changes in cells and lead to tumour growth. This type of cancer is called “multiphenotypic” because it contains different types of …
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A solid pseudopapillary neoplasm is a rare type of tumour that starts in the pancreas. The pancreas is an organ in your abdomen that helps with digestion and regulates blood sugar levels. This tumour gets its name from the way it looks under the microscope, with solid areas and more loose or papillary (finger-like). It …
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Atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) is a term pathologists use when examining a prostate biopsy under a microscope. It describes a small group of atypical prostate glands that could represent reactive features, benign (noncancerous) entities, or low grade prostate cancer. The microscopic features of ASAP are insufficient to establish a definitive cancer diagnosis, although it …
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Squamous dysplasia is a precancerous condition, which means the affected cells are not cancerous but have the potential to develop into cancer over time if left untreated. The term describes changes in squamous cells, which are flat cells that cover the surface of certain tissues in the body. Under the microscope, these cells look abnormal, and …
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High grade squamous dysplasia of the esophagus is a precancerous condition in which the cells lining the inside of the esophagus show significant abnormal growth. These cells are called squamous cells, and they normally form a thin, protective layer called the squamous epithelium. In high grade squamous dysplasia, the squamous cells look very different from …
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Low grade squamous dysplasia of the esophagus is a precancerous condition in which the cells lining the inside of the esophagus show abnormal growth. These cells are called squamous cells, and they normally form a thin, protective layer called the squamous epithelium. In low grade squamous dysplasia, the squamous cells begin to grow and look …
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